全膝关节置换术中下肢对线方式的研究进展

膝骨关节炎已成为当今老年人常见疾病之一,目前,对于终末期膝骨关节炎,行全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)是最为有效的治疗手段。在TKA中,下肢力线的有效恢复则是手术成功的关键因素之一,极大影响患者术后的临床效果及假体存活率。最早被提出、认可并被广泛应用于TKA的对线方式是机械对线。近年来,随着对下肢力线的深入研究及计算机技术的迅速发展,TKA对线技术实现了由“统一化”向“个性化”,二维向三维的转变,调整机械对线、解剖学对线、运动学对线、反向运动学对线、限制运动学对线及功能学对线等新的对线方式被相继提出,为外科医师提供了更多选择。但对于何种对线方式是最佳选择,目前尚未有定论。本文对目前TKA中各种对线方式的研究现状及优缺点进行总结阐述,旨在为临床上TKA中对线方式的选择提供一定参考。

Research progress of lower extremity alignment in total knee arthroplasty

Knee osteoarthritis has become one of the common diseases of the elderly, total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is the most effective treatment for end-stage knee osteoarthritis at present. In TKA, the effective restoration of the lower extremity alignment is one of the key factors for the success of the operation, which greatly affects the postoperative clinical effect and prosthesis survival rate of patients. Mechanical alignment is a TKA alignment method which is first proposed, recognized and widely used in TKA. In recent years, with the in-depth research on the lower limb alignment and the rapid development of computer technology, the alignment technology in TKA has realized the transformation from "unified" to "individualized", two-dimensional to three-dimensional. New alignment methods, such as adjusted mechanical alignment, anatomic alignment, kinematic alignment, inverse kinematic alignment, restricted kinematic alignment and functional alignment have been proposed to provide surgeons with more choices. However, there is no conclusion on which alignment method is the best choice. This paper summarizes the current research status, advantages and disadvantages of various alignment methods in TKA, and aims to provide some reference for the selection of alignment methods in TKA.