杜仲多糖的提取分离纯化、结构特征及其药理活性研究进展

杜仲属药食同源植物，在我国已有2000多年的药用历史。现代药理学研究表明，多糖作为杜仲的主要活性成分之一，具有增强免疫、骨保护、降血糖、调血脂、抗炎镇痛、抗氧化、抗疲劳、抗衰老、抗肝纤维化、心血管保护和神经保护等多种药理活性，已成为杜仲开发应用研究的热点之一，在生物医药和功能性食品等领域具有良好的应用前景。此外，提取、分离和纯化方法的多样性对杜仲多糖的含量、纯度及后续的结构表征均会产生不同程度的影响，进一步影响其生物活性的发挥。基于此，通过对近年来国内外对杜仲多糖的提取、分离和纯化方法、结构特征、药理活性及其潜在机制的最新研究进展进行综述，为杜仲多糖的深入研究与产品开发提供理论依据。

Research progress on extraction, isolation, purification, structural features, and pharmacological activity of Eucommia ulmoides polysaccharides

Duzhong (Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.), as a homologous plant of medicine and food, has been used in medicine for more than two thousand years in China. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that the polysaccharides, as one of the primary bioactive components of E. ulmoides, exhibited multiple bioactivities, such as enhancing immunity, bone protective, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antioxidant, anti-fatigue, anti-aging, anti-liver fibrosis, cardiovascular protection, and neuroprotection, etc., have become one of the hotspots of the research on the development and application of E. ulmoides, and also have extensive application prospects in the fields of biomedicine and functional food. Furthermore, the diversity of extraction, separation, and purification methods will have varying degrees of impact on the content, purity, and subsequent structural characterization of E. ulmoides polysaccharides (EUPs), and further affecting their biological activity of EUPs. Therefore, the present study systematically reviewed the latest progress on the extraction, separation, and purification methods, structural characteristics, pharmacological activities, and their potential mechanisms of EUPs both domestically and internationally on the basis of a comprehensive search and combing of existing literature, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the in-depth research and product development of EUPs.