基于阴阳二十五人学说构建望诊模型理论体系探讨

[目的]基于《灵枢·阴阳二十五人》构建望诊模型，为临床望诊等相关诊疗提供借鉴。[方法]对阴阳二十五人学说进行模型及基本理论解析，对阴阳二十五人之“五上”主形人色、形、神、态生理体质诸要素以及病理体质特征等予以分形解析，对其亚型人仪态、形色、气血特征进行分形解析。[结果]系统分析认为，该学说基于阴阳五行理论所建立的阴阳二十五人模型，可以研判人体五行所属，确定五行属性，这种阴阳五行体质分类方法是对人体生理病理体质复杂性的一种深度关照，由此构建了一个周密完备的生理病理体质辨别标准体系。而且，该模型具备对应于整体望诊所要求的神、色、形、态等诸要素，可作为临床望诊之理论先导加以系统地认知和应用。[结论]若将望诊方法与这一严密的架构体系进行对接，可以更为系统准确地开展临床望识诊疗，甚至整个临床诊疗活动，这对于进一步完善和发展中医临床诊疗体系有着十分重要的意义。

Discussion on the Theoretical System of Inspection Model Based on Twenty-five Kinds of Yin-Yang People

[Objective] To construct the inspection model to provide reference for clinical inspection and other related diagnosis and treatment， based on Lingshu·Twenty-Five People of Yin and Yang. [Methods] This paper examined the model and fundamental theory of the Twenty-five Kinds of Yin-Yang People， as well as “five upper” main components of their color， physique， spirit， physiological constitution and pathological constitution characteristics， etc.， and analyzed the subtypes of the ritual， physique， color， and Qi and blood characteristics. [Results] It is thought that the philosophy is founded on Twenty-five People of Yin and Yang theory， which may judge the five elements of the human body and define the traits of the five elements， and this kind of classification method is a deep concern for the complexity of the human physiological and pathological physique， thus building a thorough and complete physiological and pathological physique identification standard system. Moreover， it has all the elements corresponding to the requirements of holistic diagnosis， such as appearance， color， physique and posture， which can be systematically recognized and applied as the theoretical precursor of clinical diagnosis. [Conclusion] If the method of looking at the body is connected to this strict structure system， the clinical looking at the body can be carried out more systematically and accurately， and even the whole clinical diagnosis and treatment activities， which is of great significance to further improve and develop the clinical diagnosis and treatment system of traditional Chinese medicine.