Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) antigen is a predictor of early relapse in breast cancer |
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Affiliation: | 1. Environment & Cleaner Production Institute, Marmara Research Center-TUBITAK, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey;2. Istanbul University, Institute of Marine Science and Management, Department of Chemical Oceanography, Vefa, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey;1. ROCEEH Research Centre ''The role of culture in early expansions of humans'' of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences, Senckenberg Research Institute, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;2. Goethe University, Dept. of Geosciences/Geography, Geology, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;3. IES Clara Campoamor, Avda. Alcorcón 1, 28936 (Móstoles, Madrid). Consejería de Educación e Investigación, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain;4. Museo Geominero, Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Ríos Rosas, 23, 28003 Madrid, Spain;5. Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain;6. Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Minist Culture & Com, LAMPEA, Aix-en-Provence, France |
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Abstract: | Cancer tissue contains elevated levels of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA). Experimental evidence supports the assumption that u-PA is related to invasion and metastasis. The aim of this study was to determine whether the u-PA content of human breast cancer tissue is a prognosis-associated factor. Tissue samples from breast cancer patients were assessed for u-PA antigen by ELISA and immunohistochemistry applying monoclonal antibodies. u-PA in breast cancer tissue was localised in the cytoplasm and plasma membrane of tumour cells.u-PA was quantitated in detergent-extracted tissue samples (1% Triton X-100 in TBS) obtained from patients with breast cancer (n =115) and benign lesions (n = 30). Median values of 2.62 ng versus 0.23 ng u-PA/mg protein were determined. Patients with high u-PA content (u-PA > 2.6 ng/mg protein) already showed a statistically significant higher incidence of relapse compared to patients with low u-PA content (26% versus 2%) after a median follow-up of 12.5 months (range 2–26 months). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that compared with established prognostic factors, u-PA had the strongest impact on relapse rate (relative risk RR=21.1), followed by hormone receptor status (RR = 5.8) and lymph node involvement (RR = 3.0).We conclude that the u-PA content of breast cancer tissue is an independent prognostic factor in predicting early relapse. High or low risk patients can be selected by u-PA determination within the stated risk groups defined by locoregional extension and hormone receptor status. |
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