湘北水上作业人员粪便管理及血吸虫感染调查

目的了解湖南省华容县境内长江、洞庭湖等水域船舶粪便管理状况及船上作业人员血吸虫感染情况。方法采用问卷调查方法,对船只数量、粪便排放设施及船只停靠地周边环境进行现场调查。采用间接血凝试验（IHA）对船上作业人员进行血吸虫病筛查,阳性者采用Kato-Katz法（1粪3检）确诊。结果共调查船只579只,无厕所者占88.77%,有厕所但无底者占11.23%;调查49个船只停靠点,均无公厕,32个停靠点有钉螺分布;调查船员511人,愿意在船上安装粪便设施者占18.40%,愿意使用马桶者占62.04%,使用马桶后愿意将粪便送上岸倒入公厕者占97.26%。人群血吸虫感染率为3.04%,不同作业方式人群血吸虫感染率差异有统计学意义（χ2=15.10,P〈0.01）。结论湖南省华容县水上流动船只缺乏粪管设施,渔船民粪便大多直接入水。船上作业人员血吸虫感染率高于当地居民平均感染率,水上流动人群传染源管理极为迫切。

Investigation on sanitation and schistosome infection of fishermen and boat-men in Northern Hunan Province

Objective To understand the sanitation facilities on board and schistosome infection of fishermen and boatmen in marshland and lake regions of Northern Hunan Province.Methods A questionnaire survey combined with field investigation was performed.The data including floating regularities of boats,snail distribution in the anchor spots,sanitation status on board,and behavior of fishermen and boatmen were collected.The schistosome infection of fishermen and boatmen was screened with the indirect hemagglutination assay（IHA）,and then confirmed by Kato-Katz technique.Results A total of 579 fishing boats were investigated in 4 water systems,and there were no latrines on board in 514 boats（88.77%）.Even 65 boats（11.23%） had latrines but no collection establishment.There were no shore-based latrines in all the 49 anchor spots and snail habitats were recognized in 32 anchor sports.Among 511 fishermen and boatmen,94 persons（18.40%） would like to set the sanitation facilities on board,and 317（62.04%） would like to use the closed toilets,of which 308（97.26%） would like to send their excrements to shores.The schistosome infection rate was 3.04%.There was a statistically significant difference in infection rates among the persons with different productive models.Conclusions The boats in Huarong County,Hunan Province lack the sanitation facilities on board,and excrements usually drop directly into water.Fish catching is the main type of schistosome infection.It is urgently necessary to enhance the administration of the sources of schistosome infection in floating people.