广州市部分居民对大气颗粒物PM2．5的知识、态度和行为调查

目的了解广州市居民PM2.5的知、信、行，为政府制定相关的政策提供科学依据。方法2012年7月1日至15日期间，用统一设计的调查问卷每日17：30—19：30在地铁口、公园、居民社区、广场等人群较为密集的地点对在广州居住超过3个月、年龄介于18—65岁的常住居民进行街头拦截匿名调查。主要调查居民对大气颗粒物PM2.5知识认知情况、对政府开展PM25监测工作的态度及在空气污染时是否采取自我防护措施及方式。率的比较采用单因素卡方检验。多因素分析采用非条件logistic回归分析。结果共调查714人，有效应答605人，应答率84．7％（605／714），其中男310人、女295人，年龄介于18—65岁，中位数38岁；以中学及中专文化程度者为主（44．5％，269／605）。PM25知识知晓率为27．9％（169／605）。多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示文化程度（OR=1．36）、年龄、职业是影响PM2.5知识知晓的因素（P〈0．01，P〈0．05），其中30～39、50—59、40一49岁组人群的PM，，知识知晓率（OR=2．24、3．17、2．98）高于18—29岁组。无业人员、服务业、干部职员（OR=2．76、3．16、3．37）PM2.5，知识知晓率高于个体经营者。57．0％（166／291）的受访者关注政府公布PM：，监测数据。88．3％（257／291）的人支持政府每天公布PM2.5监测数据。居民对PM25监测布点设置支持率居前3位是居民区73．5％（214／291）、工业区65．3％（190／291）、街道64．6％（188／291）。受访者认为加强治理工业污染（89．4％，260／291）、控制汽车尾气排放（86．9％，253／291）是控制PM2．5污染的主要措施。受访者在空气污染严重时有采取防护措施者占77．5％（469／605）。PM2.5知识知晓的人群在空气污染严重时主要应对措施是减少出门（66．3％，112／169）、佩戴口罩（58．6％，99／169）、紧闲窗户（44．4％，75／169），均高于不知晓人群（43．6％、38．5％、29．9％）（均P〈0．01）。多因素非条件logistic回归分析显示，在调整了人口学特征的影响后，居民PM2.5知识知晓率越高，在空气污染严重时采取防护措施的比例越高（OR=2．35，P〈0．01）。结论被调查的广州市居民对PM2.5的认知水平不高。居民支持政府公布PM25监测数据，对PM2.5监测点设置要求与自身密切相关，要求政府落实减排降污措施、降低PM2.5健康危害的意愿强烈。

Survey of knowledge, attitude and behavior related to PM2.5 among 605 residents in Guangzhou City

cluded the residents＇ cognition to the knowledge related to PM2.5, attitude to the government to carry out the monitoring of PM2.5, and whether to take self-protection measures and ways in the air pollution. Single factor chi-square test was adopted for rate comparison. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used for multiple factors analysis. Results Six hundred and five persons （310 males and 295 females, median age 38 years, range 18 to 65 years） were effectively responded from 714 interviewees, with a response rate of 84. 7% （605/714）. Their education levels were mainly middle school and polytechnics （44. 5%, 269/605）. The awareness rate of PM2.5 was 27. 9% （169/605）. The result of multiple factors uncondi- tional logistic regression analysis revealed that educational level （ OR = 1.36）, age （ OR = 2. 24 - 3. 17） and career（ OR = 2. 76 - 3.37 ） were the main factors affecting people to know PMz 5 （ P 〈 0. 01, P 〈 0. 05 ）. 57.0% （166/291） of respondents paid attention to PM2.5 monitoring data announced by the government. 88.3 % （257/291 ） of respondents supported the government to announce PMz 5 monitoring data every day. The top three favorability ratings by residents about monitoring points to monitor PMz 5 were residential area （73.5%, 214/291 ）, industrial area （65.3%, 190/291 ）, and streets （64. 6%, 188/291 ）. The re- spondents believed that the main methods to control PMz 5 pollution were to strengthen the management of industrial pollution （ 89.4%, 260/291 ） and control automobile emission （ 86. 9%, 253/291 ）. 77.5% （469/605） of respondents took effective protection measures during the serious air pollution. People who knew PM2.s supported that the main measures were to reduce going out （66. 3%, 112/169）, wear masks （58.6%, 99/169） and close the window （44.4%, 75/169） when the air pollution was serious, higher than those who did not know PM2.5 （43.6%, 38. 5%, and 29. 9%, all P 〈0. 01 ）. The result of multiple factors unconditional logistic regression analysis revealed that whether residents knew PM2.5 was the influen- cing factor （ OR = 2. 35, P 〈 0.01 ） after adjusting for demographic characteristics when residents took pro- tective measures in the condition of serious air pollution. Conclusion The cognitive level of people to PM25 remained to be further improved. Residents supported the government to announce PM2.5monitoring data. Monitoring point setting for PM2.5 was closely related with their own requirements. The public required the government to implement measures of reducing pollution and emission, and had strong willingness to reduce the health hazard of PM2.5.