腔镜技术在乳腺疾病中的应用

目的 探讨腔镜技术在乳腺疾病的诊断和治疗方面的安全性和可行性。方法 对近年来有关文献进行复习。结果 微创腔镜手术可以通过小切口完成，从而最大限度地减少术后疼痛，缩短恢复时间，而且切口位于隐蔽部位，具有较好的美容效果。通过乳腺腔镜可以进行细微的止血和解剖，并安全地完成乳房切除术和乳房即时重建、哨兵淋巴结活检以及腋窝淋巴结清扫手术；还可用于乳腺良性肿瘤的诊断和治疗，以及男性乳房肥大症患者的手术治疗；纤维乳管镜可用于乳头溢液患者的诊断。通过腔镜手术既可使乳腺疾病有满意的治疗效果，又保持术后良好的乳房外形与功能，而不遗留明显的瘢痕，从而可以增强患者的自信心，提高生活质量。结论 乳腺外科是腔镜技术一个很好的应用领域。

Endoscopic Surgery in Breast Diseases

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of endoscopic techniques for diagnosis and treatment of breast diseases. Methods Related literatures of recent years were reviewed. Results A minimally invasive endoscopic technique can be performed through small incisions. This can contribute greatly to reducing postoperative pain, shortening recovery time, and achieving a good cosmetic outcome. Under endoscopy, meticulous dissection and hemostasis can be achieved. Endoscope assisted subcutaneous mastectomy, immediate mammary reconstruction, sentinel lymph node biopsy and axillary lymph node dissection, for breast cancer can be performed safely. Endoscopic surgery can also be applied for the diagnosis and treatment of benign breast tumor and transaxillary removal of glandular tissue in gynecomastia. In addition, fiberoptic ductoscopy can be used to diagnose patients with nipple discharge. Endoscopic surgery for patients with breast diseases can offer an excellent cosmetic outcome and maintain normal physiologic functions without a noticeable scar. It helps to give the patients confidence and improve the quality of life. Conclusion Breast surgery is a good candidate for endoscopic techniques.