91所医院1990～2002年小儿慢性肾衰竭1268例调查报告

目的　调查我国 1990年 1月～ 2 0 0 2年 12月间 0～ 14岁住院小儿中慢性肾衰竭 (CRF)病例的年龄、病因、临床病理特点、治疗情况及转归。方法　由中华医学会儿科学分会肾脏病学组统一组织领导 ,全国 4个直辖市、13个省及 2个自治区共 91所医院参加调查。CRF诊断以内生肌酐清除率 (CCr) <5 0ml/(min·1 73m2 )为标准。采用填写调查表形式 ,对诊断为慢性肾衰竭的住院患儿进行回顾性病例登记 ,进行相关资料统一汇总、分析。结果　 1990年 1月～ 2 0 0 2年 12月间 ,91所医院0～ 14岁住院小儿中共诊断CRF 16 5 8例 ,每年在住院的泌尿系统疾病患儿中所占比例为 0 72 %～1 75 % ,平均 1 31% ,呈逐渐上升趋势。 1997～ 2 0 0 2年与 1990～ 1996年比较 ,CRF平均年诊断例数和占泌尿系统疾病的百分数均显著增加 (P <0 0 0 1)。 12 6 8例完整资料分析显示 :男女比例 1 4 9∶1,平均发病年龄 8 2岁 ,平均确诊前病程 2 5年。主要原发病为慢性肾炎和肾病综合征 ,占 5 2 7% ,先天 /遗传性疾病约 1/4,以肾发育异常和肾囊性病为主。确诊时主要临床表现为贫血、胃肠反应、水肿、高血压和体格发育落后 ;平均血清肌酐 (SCr) 5 94 7μmol/L ,BUN 39 1mmol/L ,肾功能分级≥Ⅳ级者占 80 % ;1/3有肾萎缩 ,部分见囊性病变。多

Analysis of 1268 patients with chronic renal failure in childhood: a report from 91 hospitals in China from 1990 to 2002

OBJECTIVE: Chronic renal failure (CRF) of childhood is not rare. The prognosis of CRF is very poor because of severe systemic complications. A nation-wide survey was conducted and data of hospitalized children (younger than 14 years old) with CRF during the period of 1990 to 2002 were analyzed. The aim was to investigate the epidemiology, natural history, clinical-pathological characteristics, treatment and outcome of the hospitalized children with CRF. METHODS: Questionnaires concerning children with CRF were designed and distributed to the doctors of 91 hospitals in China. The criterion of CRF was creatinine clearance (CCr) < 50 ml/(min x 1.73 m(2)). The data were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: From January 1, 1990 to December 31, 2002, 1658 hospitalized children were diagnosed as CRF. The average annual cases of childhood CRF accounted for 1.31% (ranged from 0.72% to 1.75%) of the hospitalized cases with urologic-kidney diseases. In a comparison between 1990 - 1996 and 1997 - 2002, there were significant increases in the average annual number of cases of childhood CRF and the case ratio of CRF to urologic-kidney diseases (82 +/- 27 vs. 181 +/- 45 and 0.98 +/- 0.21 vs. 1.56 +/- 0.17, respectively, P < 0.001). Complete records were available for 1268 patients. The male to female ratio was 1.49:1. The mean age at the disease onset was 8.18 years. The mean duration of pre-diagnosis of CRF was 2.53 years. In this study, the main primary renal diseases causing CRF were chronic glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome (52.7%). One-fourth of all cases had congenital and hereditary renal diseases, and the majority were renal hypoplasia and dysplasia. The main manifestations of CRF were anemia, gastrointestinal disorders, edema, hypertension and growth retardation. The mean serum creatinine and BUN were 594.7 micromol/L and 39.1 mmol/L, respectively. The cases with renal function >or= grade IV accounted for 80% of all cases. By renal ultrasound scanning, one-third of CRF children were found to have renal atrophy and a part of patients had cystic disorder. Most of the cases received conservative treatment. Dialysis therapy (including 66.5% of hemodialysis and 33.5% of peritoneal) was given to 15.8% of the patients. Twenty-nine cases received renal transplantation. The rate of graft survival was 93.1%. Follow-up was carried out for to 230 cases, the mean duration of follow-up was 2.36 years. One hundred and sixty-seven patients died during hospitalization over the 13-year review period. The main causes of death were cardiac failure and infections in addition to uremia. CONCLUSION: The incidence of CRF in children showed an increasing trend year after year. The main age of onset of the disease was school-age. The main primary renal diseases causing CRF were acquired renal diseases. Conservative treatment was the main therapy of CRF, but renal replacement therapy was initiated in some of the cases. The obvious difference between follow-up cases and lost cases warrants the need to establish a management system of childhood CRF.