主要商品黄芪的形态与显微鉴别

国产黄芪属(Astragalus)植物作中药黄芪用的约10种,对其中5种主要商品黄芪原植物干燥根部进行了形态组织学的比较研究。首次对黄芪根部进行了扫描电镜观察,发现了前人未曾报道的鉴别特征,如导管的合生纹孔口、附物纹孔等,除描述特征外,文中分别列出生药性状和显微特征比较表与分种检索表,并附组织特征图和扫描电镜照片。

MOTPHOLOGICAL AND MICROSCOPICAL IDENTIFICATION OF GENUS ASTRAGALUS ON MAINLY ON MAINLY USED COMMERCIAL HUANG QI

This paper reports a comparative study on the morphological and histological characters of Chinese crude drugs Huang Qi(Radix Astragali )derived from the dried roots of AStragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.var.mongholicus( Bge. ) Hsiao,A. membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.,A. floridus Benth.A. tongolensis Ulbr.and A. chrysopterus Bge.. A detailed scanner electronic microscope(SEM)observation on the roots was carried out for the first time. It was found that there are some new anatomical characteristics of species variations:1)The pitaperture in reticulate vessels of A.floridus is often long-narrow shaped and is almost as long as the diameter of the vessel,which may be referred to linear pit.2)The vestured pits are quite different in A.membranaceus and A. membranaceus var.a narrow gap among the grain-like excrescences in the center of the pit cavity being shown in the former but not in the latter.For comparative study in longitudinal sections, some measurable parameters have been designed,such as(1)the distance between cambium and the ring of phloem fibers near the cambium,2)the radial length of the region of phloem fiber bundles near the cambium and(3)the height width andshape of the xylem medullary ray.