四川省WHO耳疾与听觉障碍调查方案预试验报告

目的根据世界卫生组织耳疾和听觉障碍调查方案,在四川省进行预试验,以验证此方案在我省运行的可行性,以初步了解耳疾和听觉障碍在我省的患病率,并为今后开展大规模的调查积累经验。方法在采用按容量比例概率抽样法（PPS）随机抽取的40个调查点中,选取3个点进行流行病学预试验调查。结果共有599人参与本研究。听力减退的患病率为15.7%,听力残疾率为7.5%。听力残疾的主要原因为：老年性44.4%,原因不详24.4%,中耳疾患17.8%,噪音性13.3%,药物中毒4.4%。共有70人需要干预,干预率为11.69%（9.11%-14.26%）,其中需要药物治疗的9人,需要验配助听器的58人,需要言语康复的2人,需要外科治疗的9人,其他干预2人。结论此调查方案在我省是可行的,但也充分认识到要保质保量完成任务的艰巨性。初步估计我省听力减退率和听力残疾率较高,听力障碍这一公共卫生问题对受累人群的影响,理应引起广泛的关注和相关部门的高度重视,并尽快制定相应的防治策略。

The pilot study on the WHO epidemiological investigation of ear diseases and hearing impairment in Sichuan

Objective To conduct a pilot study according to WHO ear and hearing disorder survey protocol to validate the feasibility of the protocol, acquaint the prevalence of hearing impairment and ear diseases in Sichuan and acquire experience for the future survey. Methods Of the 40 clusters randomized selected with the probability proportion to size （PPS） method,3 clusters were selected for the pilot study. Resulls 599 persons participated in the study. The prevalence of hearing impairment was 15. 7 % and the prevalence of hearing disability was 7.5%. The main causes of the hearing disability were including presbyacusis 44. 4%, unknown cause 24.4 %, otitis media 17.8 %, noise induced hearing loss 13.9%, and ototoxic hearing loss 4.4%. In those hearing disabilities mentioned above, 93. 3% needed hearing aids fitting, 11.1% needed surgery, 8.9% needed medication, and 4.4 needed speech rehabilitation. Conclusions The protocol was feasible in our province, but it＇s still a tough job considering the survey with good quality and quantity. The prevalence of hearing impairment and disability greatly impacts on hard of hearings.