In vitro activity of the essential oil of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cymbopogon citratus</Emphasis> and its major component (citral) on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Leishmania amazonensis</Emphasis> |
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Authors: | Marta Regina Santin Adriana Oliveira dos Santos Celso Vataru Nakamura Benedito Prado Dias Filho Izabel Cristina Piloto Ferreira and Tania Ueda-Nakamura |
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Institution: | 1.Programa de Pós-Gradua??o em Ciências Farmacêuticas,Universidade Estadual de Maringá,Maringá,Brazil;2.Programa de Pós-Gradua??o em Microbiologia,Universidade Estadual de Londrina,Londrina,Brazil |
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Abstract: | Leishmaniasis causes considerable mortality throughout the world, affecting more than 12 million people. Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf, Family Poaceae, is a widely used herb in tropical countries and is also known as a source of ethnomedicines.
In this study, the inhibitory effect and the morphological and ultrastructural alterations on Leishmania amazonensis by the essential oil (EO) of C. citratus and its main constituent, citral, were evaluated. The results showed that the antiproliferative activity of EO on promastigotes
and axenic amastigotes, and intracellular amastigote forms of L. amazonensis was significantly better than citral, and indicated a dose-dependent effect. Neither compound showed a cytotoxic effect on
macrophage strain J774G8. The promastigote forms of L. amazonensis underwent remarkable morphological and ultrastructural alterations compared with untreated cultures. These alterations were
visible by light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy of promastigotes treated with EO and citral at concentrations
corresponding to the IC50 (1.7 and 8.0 μg/ml) and IC90 (3.2 and 25 μg/ml), respectively, after 72 h of incubation. This study revealed that citral-rich essential oil from C. citratus has promising antileishmanial properties, and is a good candidate for further research to develop a new anti-protozoan drug. |
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