皮下注射丙烯腈对大鼠致畸作用研究

目的　评价丙烯腈对雌性大鼠有无致畸作用。方法　于雌性大鼠妊娠第 7～ 16天皮下注射丙烯腈 (AN) 15 ,2 5 ,35mg·kg-1,常规方法检测AN的胚胎毒性和致畸作用。结果　 2 5mg·kg-1组死胎率、吸收胎率升高 ,胎鼠平均体重、体长、尾长减小 ,与阴性对照组比较差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ;35mg·kg-1组除窝平均活胎数减少 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ,其余各指标与阴性对照组比较差异有非常显著性 (P <0 0 1) ;2 5 ,35mg·kg-1组畸胎率、母体畸胎率、活胎畸形率升高 ,与对照组相比差异有显著性和 /或非常显著性 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1) ,且有明确的剂量效应或剂量反应关系。本实验皮下注射AN染毒的致畸最低剂量为 15mg·kg-1,致畸指数为 6 3,以骨骼畸形为主 ,外观畸形主要为无尾、短尾等。结论　丙烯腈皮下注射染毒有明显的胚胎毒性 ,致畸剂量小于经口染毒阈剂量 ,是一种弱致畸物。

Study on Teratogenicity of Acrylonitrile in Rats by Subcutaneous Injection

Objective The teratogenicity of acrylonitrile(AN)on fe male rats was evaluated.Methods 15,25 and 35 mg/kg AN were administ ered by subcutaneous injection to rats on the time 7～16 d of gestation.Embryoto x icity and teratogenicity of AN were examined by a traditional teratogenic method .Results At the dosage of 25 mg/kg,AN could induce higher incidence of fetal resorption and death,and decrease the average fetal body weight and le ngth with significant difference(P＜0.05)when compared with neg ative controls.At the dosage of 35 mg/kg,AN could decrease average vital fet us p er litter with significant difference(P＜0.05),and induce chang es of other indexes with highly significant difference(P＜0.0 1).At the dosage of 25 and 35 mg/kg,AN could induce higher teras rate,maternal t eras rate and malformation rate of vital fetus with significant and/or highly s ignificant difference(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),resp ectively.There existed a dose-effect or dose-response relationship between abo ve indexes and doses.The threshold of teratogenic effect of AN through subcutane ous injection was 15 mg/kg body weight,and the teratogenic index was 6.3.The ma jor malformation was skeletal deformity,and the major external malformations wer e tail deletion and short tail.Conclusions AN has shown remarkable embryotoxicity by subcutaneous injection.The threshold of teratogenic effect is lower than that by gavage,so AN is a weak teratogen.