治疗角结膜干燥症自体颌下腺移植的血管处理

目的总结血管化自体颌下腺游离移植治疗角结膜干燥症的血管处理方法。方法对1999年8月至2004年4月完成的68例血管化自体颌下腺游离移植的血管处理作回顾性研究，分析受区和供区的血管、术后血管危象的发生和处理以及腺体的成活情况。结果68例游离颌下腺移植的供区和受区动脉均为颌外动脉与颞浅动脉，所用供区静脉中，面前静脉55例，颌外动脉伴行静脉12例，腺门静脉1例；所用受区静脉中，62例为颞浅静脉，1例为颢深静脉，5例经头静脉桥接后，回流至颈外静脉或颈内静脉的属支。术后10例出现血管危象，其中9例静脉危象，1例动脉危象，1例静脉危象经抢救腺体获得成活，本组移植腺体的成活率为86．8％（59／68）。结论血管化自体颌下腺移植的静脉变异较大，应根据每一病例的具体特点作出相应的处理，其中以颌外动脉伴行动脉与颞浅静脉的吻合最为可靠，显微镜下的血管吻合有助于降低术后血管危象的发生率，提高移植腺体的成活率。

Management of blood vessels in the vascularized autogeneous submandibular gland transfer for severe keratoconjunctivitis sicca

Objective To summarize the management of blood vessels in the transfer of vascularized autogeneous submandibular gland. Methods Sixty-eight cases of vascularized transfer of autogeneous submandibular gland for severe keratoconjunctivitis sicca performed from August 1999 to April 2004 were reviewed. Data collected for each patient included general items, donor and recipient vessels, vessel crisis, salvage of the vessel thrombosis, and survival of transferred glands. Results Among the 68 cases, all the donor and recipient arteries were facial artery and superficial temporal artery respectively. For donor veins, 55 were facial veins, 1 was vein near the duct, and 12 were venae comitantes of facial artery. For recipient veins, 62 were superficial temporary veins and five were veins in the upper neck, one was deep temporary vein. Vessel thromboses occurred in 10 cases, 9 were venous and 1 were arterial. The salvage rate was 10.0% , with the overall survival rate of 86. 8% of transferred gland. Conclusions Variation in venous outflow is common in microvascular transfer of submandibular gland, and anastomosis between venae comitante of facial artery and superficial temporal vein is most dependable. Vessel anastomosis under microscope may reduce the vessel thrombosis rate after operation.