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Socioeconomic inequalities in homicide mortality: a population-based comparative study of 12 European countries |
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| Authors: | Andrew Stickley Mall Leinsalu Anton E Kunst Matthias Bopp Bj?rn Heine Strand Pekka Martikainen Olle Lundberg Katalin Kovács Barbara Artnik Ramune Kalediene Jitka Rychta?íková Bogdan Wojtyniak Johan P Mackenbach |
| Institution: | 1. Stockholm Centre on Health of Societies in Transition, S?dert?rn University, 14189, Huddinge, Sweden 2. European Centre on Health of Societies in Transition, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK 3. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia 4. Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 5. Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland 6. Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway 7. Department of Sociology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 8. Centre for Health Equity Studies, Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden 9. Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, ?stersund, Sweden 10. Demographic Research Institute, HCSO, Budapest, Hungary 11. Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia 12. Department of Health Management, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania 13. Department of Demography and Geodemography, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic 14. Department-Centre of Population Health Monitoring and Analyses, National Institute of Public Health, National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland 15. Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands |
| Abstract: | Recent research has suggested that violent mortality may be socially patterned and a potentially important source of health inequalities within and between countries. Against this background the current study assessed socioeconomic inequalities in homicide mortality across Europe. To do this, longitudinal and cross-sectional data were obtained from mortality registers and population censuses in 12 European countries. Educational level was used to indicate socioeconomic position. Age-standardized mortality rates were calculated for post, upper and lower secondary or less educational groups. The magnitude of inequalities was assessed using the relative and slope index of inequality. The analysis focused on the 35–64 age group. Educational inequalities in homicide mortality were present in all countries. Absolute inequalities in homicide mortality were larger in the eastern part of Europe and in Finland, consistent with their higher overall homicide rates. They contributed 2.5?% at most (in Estonia) to the inequalities in total mortality. Relative inequalities were high in the northern and eastern part of Europe, but were low in Belgium, Switzerland and Slovenia. Patterns were less consistent among women. Socioeconomic inequalities in homicide are thus a universal phenomenon in Europe. Wide-ranging social and inter-sectoral health policies are now needed to address the risk of violent victimization that target both potential offenders and victims. |
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