药物性肺损伤的临床诊断与治疗

目的探讨药物性肺损伤的临床、病理和影像学特征。方法回顾性分析北京协和医院2003年1月至2005年10月就诊的7例药物致肺损伤患者的临床、影像学、病理学特点、治疗及预后。结果7例患者中胺碘酮引起的肺损伤3例，α干扰素、阿托伐他汀、卡马西平及丙基硫氧嘧啶引起的各1例。临床表现为咳嗽、发热、胸闷气短，肺部可闻及爆裂音。胸部CT检查示双肺片状浸润影、磨玻璃样变、弥漫索条及网格状改变。1例病理可见肺泡间隔增宽及慢性炎症细胞（淋巴细胞、浆细胞、组织细胞）浸润，2例为富细胞性间质性肺炎改变，2例为闭塞型细支气管炎伴机化性肺炎表现，2例表现为弥漫性肺泡出血。结论药物性肺损伤诊断有一定困难，有服药史患者新近出现的或持续存在的呼吸系统症状均需除外药物性肺损伤。

Clinicopathological manifestations of drug-induced lung injury

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinicopathological features of drug-induced lung injury. METHOD: The clinical, radiological and pathological presentations of drug-induced lung injury diagnosed from January 2003 to October 2005 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were reviewed. RESULTS: There were 7 cases of drug-induced lung injury, 3 caused by amiodarone, and the other 4 caused by interferon-alpha, atorvastatin, carbamazepine, and propylthiouracil respectively. The clinical manifestations included cough, fever, worsening dyspnea and inspiratory crackles. Patchy infiltration, ground-glass attenuation with thickening of bronchovascular markings were the main findings in computed tomography. The most common pathological manifestation was cellular interstitial pneumonia associated with intra-alveolar macrophages with fine vacuolation in the cytoplasm, and type II pneumocyte hyperplasia. The organizing pneumonia pattern was observed in 2 patients. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage was present in 2 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Drug-induced pulmonary toxicity can be difficult to diagnose. The diagnosis of pulmonary drug toxicity should be considered in patients with a history of drug therapy and new onset or progressive respiratory complaints.