皮肤点刺试验在儿童呼吸道常见变态反应性疾病防治中的意义

目的探讨柳州地区儿童皮肤变应原试验在变态反应性疾病中的分布及临床意义,为预防和治疗儿童变应性疾病提供科学依据。方法选择患有支气管哮喘和(或)变态反应性鼻炎的患儿110例,男性66例,女性44例,平均年龄(5.35±2.62)岁。变态反应性鼻炎28例,支气管哮喘40例,支气管哮喘合并变态反应性鼻炎42例。所有对象均选用14种变应原进行皮肤变应原点刺试验(SPT),组胺作阳性对照,生理盐水作阴性对照。结果变应原点刺试验总阳性检出率为75.5%(83/110),粉尘螨74.5%(82/110)、屋尘螨71.8%(79/110)、室内霉菌Ⅱ66.4%(73/110)、干草尘埃23.6%(26/110)、犬毛20.9%(23/110)、猫毛17.3%(19/110)、柳17.3%(19/110)、虾10.9%(12/110)、牛奶10.0%(11/110)、鸡蛋8.2%(9/110)、鲤鱼5.5%(6/110)、牛肉4.5%(5/110)、鸡肉1.8%(2/110)、猪肉1.8%(2/110)。>5岁组吸入性变应原阳性率显著高<5岁组(χ2=15.16,P<0.05),<5岁(含5岁)组食物性变应原阳性率高于>5岁组(χ2=12.85,P<0.05)。鼻炎、哮喘、哮喘并鼻炎患儿均以螨类过敏最为常见,不同疾病组间变应原阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论过敏性因素是儿童变态反应性疾病发病的重要诱发因素,在柳州地区变态反应性疾病儿童可以通过SPT检查明确过敏原,最常见的变应原是粉尘螨、屋尘螨、动物皮毛类、霉菌及干草尘埃类等。随着年龄增长,变态反应性疾病患儿对吸入性变应原更为敏感。鼻炎、哮喘、哮喘并鼻炎患儿有共同的变应原。研究不同年龄段变态反应性疾病患者的变应原特征,有助于对疾病的早期诊断和早期干预。

The Clinical Significance of Prevention about Skin Prick Test in Children with Respiratory Tract Allergic Disease

Objeetive To evaluate the common allergies in respiratory allergic diseases of chiIdren in Liuzhou urban districts and to provide the evidence for preventing anergic diseases.Liuzhou of skin allergies in children in the original trial in children with asthma and/or allergic rhinitis in the distribution and clinical signifi cance.Methods In 110 cases were suffering from bronchial asthma and/or allergic rhinitis diseases in children.In 110 cases,66 were males and 44 were females.The average age was（5.35±2.62） years old.Among 110 patients,28 cases were rhinitis,40 cases were asthma and 42 cases were asthma and rhinitis.All the patients underwent skin prick tests（SPT） with 14 allergens,rise histamine for the positive contro1.Use normal saline for negative contro1.Results The origin of allergic prick test positive rate is 75.5 percent（83/110）,which dust mites is 74.5%（82/110）,house dust mites 71.8%（79/110）,house mixed moulds II66.4%（73/110） and grass pollen 23.6%（26/110）,feather of dogs 20.9%（23/110）,feather of cats 17.3%（19/110）,shrimp 10.9%（12/110）,milk 10.0%（11/110）,ege 8.2%（9/110）,carp 5.5%（6/110）,beef 4.5%（5/110）,chicken 1.8%（2/110）,pork 1.8%（2/110）.Inhalation allergens positive rate of The group of above5 years old（5 group） is signifi cantly higher than the group of lower 5 years old（≤5 group）（χ2= 15.16,P0.05）,food allergens positive rate of The group of lower 5 years old（≤5 group） is signifi cantly higher than the group of above5 years old（5 group）（χ2= 12.85,P0.05）.Mites were the most common aeroallergens in patients with asthma,or rhinitis,and both asthma and rhinitis（P0.05）,there was no signifi cant difference in the positive rates of mites,feather of cats,feather of dogs,mixed moulds,grass pollens among three groups（all P0.05）.Conclusions The allergy is the important factor in allergy disease.Those patients with asthma and/or allergic rhinitis usually have the positive SPT.House dust mites were the most prevalent allergens in children with asthma and/or rhinitis in Liuzhou urban districts.With age growing,the children with respiratory allergic disease are more sensitive to aeroallergens.There are the same allergens among asthma and/or rhinitis.To estimate allergen patterns of sensitizations in patients from different geographic areas,age groups as well as asthma and/or rhinitis contribute to earlier diagnosis and earlier prevention.