潮州地区小儿急性下呼吸道感染病原学研究

目的：探讨潮州地区儿童急性下呼吸道感染的病原学分布。方法：对2011年6月-2012年10月本院儿科急性下呼吸道感染住院患儿1653例采用无菌负压吸引法采集新鲜痰液，进行细菌培养，间接免疫荧光法检测病毒、非典型病原体抗体。结果：1653例患儿中病原检测阳性1067例，病毒感染184例，细菌感染617例，支原体感染172例，嗜肺军团菌感染100例，衣原体感染53例，Q热立克次体感染13例，混合感染245例。病毒以呼吸道合胞病毒为主（45．11％），细菌则以流感嗜血杆菌为主（40．15％），其次为肺炎链球菌（18．81％）和卡他莫拉菌（16．54％）。结论：潮州地区儿童急性下呼吸道感染最常见病原是细菌，其次是支原体、病毒、衣原体。各病原的治疗原则各不相同，因此早期明确病原学诊断具有显著意义，是合理使用抗生素的保障。

An Etiology Investigation of Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Children in Chaozhou

Objective： To investigate etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infections （ ALRTIs ） in children in Chaozhou.Method： Bacteria were tested using sputum culture.Antibodies against virus, mycoplasma and chlamydia were detected by indirect in sera.Result： Etiological agents were identified in 1067 cases out of 1653 patients.Viral infections were in 184 cases, bacteria infections were in 617 cases, mycoplasma pneumoniae 172 cases, chlamydia pneumoniae 53 cases, Rickett＇s organism 100 cases and Rickett＇s organism 13 cases, compound infections 245 cases. Respiratory syncycial virus was the major viral pathogen, haemophilus iniluenzae were the prominent pathogens of bacteria pneumonia, followed by streptococcus pneumoniae and Moraxelle catarrhalis.Candusion： Bacteria infection is the most common cause of ALRTI in children in Chaozhou, followed by pneumoniae mycoplasma viral and chlamydia pneumoniae. Different etiology has different therapeutic method.So early definite diagnosis in etiology has great significance, which also is the guarantee for proper application of antibiotics.