小儿（普）胸外科临床研究的现状与存在的问题

小儿（普）胸外科医师面对的多为先天性疾病,这类疾病一般种类较多,但单病种病例数却较少。各种先天性畸形表现各异,甚至有些具有多年临床经验的医师终其一生也很难遇见。在成年人胸外科比较常见而且病例数较集中的疾病为肿瘤,但食管癌、肺癌等疾病在儿童中发生却非常罕见。此外,小儿（普）胸外科的发展也面临许多基础问题的挑战,如疾病的治疗受医学发展水平、患儿家庭经济状况、医疗保险体制及社会医学伦理,甚至对患儿性别重视程度等因素的影响,这便是小儿（普）胸外科必须面对的与成年人胸外科截然不同的特点。因此,需要加大对小儿（普）胸外科的普及力度,让小儿（普）胸外科从业医师接受专业培训,使更多医师掌握与认识小儿（普）胸外科的特点,以提高对专科疾病的诊治水平。

Current Situation and Problems in Pediatric Thoracic Surgery

The most troubles have been encountered by pediatric thoracic surgeons were congenital diseases in practice. Pediatric thoracic surgeons will treat various types of deformities, but each single type of the deformities is very rare, maybe only one case of the troubles can be met by the pediatric surgeon with many years of practice which is an essential difference between adult and pediatric thoracic surgeons. The malignancy tumors which are very common in adult are very rare in children, such as esophageal cancer and lung cancer. In addition, pediatric thoracic surgeons are facing the challenge of many fundamental questions in the treatment of congenital diseases, for example, the level of social development, economic status of a family, health insurance system, social ethics, and even the attitude toward gender in a family. So it is necessary to train more pediatric thoracic surgeons in China to provide more professional service for the children in the future.