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Recent advances in developing polymeric micelles for treating cancer: Breakthroughs and bottlenecks in their clinical translation
Institution:1. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India;2. Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201310 Uttar Pradesh, India;3. Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Panhala, Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416113, India;4. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400019, India;5. Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia;6. Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
Abstract:Polymeric micelles (PMs) have been explored pre-clinically for the delivery of chemotherapeutics to treat cancer. Their unique features, such as easy surface functionalization, stimuli-responsiveness, good stability, ability to modify drug release, enhanced permeation and retention effect, and potential to encapsulate more than one type of therapeutic molecules at a time, make them unique carriers for the targeted delivery or for enhancing the bioavailability of chemotherapeutics. PMs can also be used as theranostic nanocarriers for the mapping of drug therapy along with tumor imaging in patients with cancer. This review focuses on the limitations of existing treatment strategies and on innovative approaches employed for the functionalization of PMs for targeting cancer cells. In addition, the bottlenecks associated with the translation of PMs from the laboratory to clinics are also discussed.
Keywords:Cancer  Polymeric micelles  Site-specificity  Theranostic  Clinical applications  ABC"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0035"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Amphiphilic block copolymer  BCS"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0045"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Biopharmaceutical classification system  CMC"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0055"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Critical micelle concentration  DOX"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0065"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Doxorubicin  EPR"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0075"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Enhanced permeability and retention effect  FDA"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0085"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"US Food and Drug Administration  GFP"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0095"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Green fluorescent protein  GSH"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0105"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Reduced glutathione  LCST"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0115"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Lower critical solution temperature  mPEG"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0125"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"MethoxyPEG  NIR"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0135"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Near infra-red  PCL"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0145"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Polycaprolactone  PEG"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0155"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Polyethylene glycol  PEO"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0165"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Polyethylene oxide  PLA"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0185"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Polylactic acid  PM"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0195"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Polymeric micelle  PNIPAM"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0205"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)  PTX"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0215"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Paclitaxel  ROS"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0225"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Reactive oxygen species  siRNA"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0235"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Small interfering RNA
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