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Calcium ions and vitamin B12 are growth factors for Porphyromonas gingivalis
Institution:1. Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8650, Japan;2. Department of Oral Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8651, Japan;3. Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8651, Japan;4. Department of Dental Hygiene, Aichi Gakuin University Junior College, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8650, Japan;1. Department of Oral Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita13 Nishi7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan;2. Department of Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita13 Nishi7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan;1. Department of Oral Biochemistry, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho, Gifu 501-0296, Japan;2. Department of Operative Dentistry, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho, Gifu 501-0296, Gifu 500-8471, Japan;3. Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Business Administration, Asahi University School of Business Administration, Mizuho, Gifu 501-0296, Japan;4. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho, Gifu 501-0296, Japan;5. AKITAYA HONTEN CO., LTD., R&D, Gifu 500-8471, Japan;6. Chemistry Laboratory, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho, Gifu 501-0296, Gifu 500-8471, Japan;7. Department of Scientific and Linguistic Fundamentals for Nursing, Osaka City University Graduate School of Nursing, Osaka 558-8585, Japan;1. Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine and Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan;2. Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan;3. Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People''s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China;4. Northern Army Medical Unit, Camp Makomanai, Japan Ground Self-Defense Forces, Sapporo, Japan;5. Division of Craniofacial Development and Tissue Biology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan;6. Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto, SE, Brazil;7. Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, The School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China;1. Division of Clinical Chemistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata 951-8518, Japan;2. Division of Oral Ecology and Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan;3. Division of Anaerobic Research, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
Abstract:BackgroundPorphyromonas gingivalis is a causative agent of chronic periodontitis. Standard strains of P. gingivalis, such as W83 and ATCC 33277, proliferate in minimal medium when protein is added as the energy source and hemin and menadione are added as growth factors. Nevertheless, minimal medium containing bovine serum albumin sometimes fails to support growth.HighlightsThe proliferation of two W83 strains and seven ATCC 33277 strains in various minimal media was investigated. Previously, we determined that calcium chloride (CaCl2) was a growth factor for W83NM, a W83 strain. In this study, we found that vitamin B12 enhanced the proliferation of W83NM in a minimal medium with cultures from the fourth passage but not from the first to the third passage. Therefore, using fourth-passage cultures, we assessed the proliferation of two W83 and seven ATCC 33277 strains in minimal media and the effects of CaCl2 and vitamin B12. Surprisingly, the nine P. gingivalis strains all differed with respect to their proliferation in minimal media, and protein products used as energy sources showed product-to-product and lot-to-lot heterogeneity. Even though strains or protein products were different, we found CaCl2-dependent growth in nine strains and vitamin B12-dependent growth in seven strains.ConclusionThese results suggest that calcium ions and vitamin B12 are novel growth factors for P. gingivalis.
Keywords:Growth factor  Calcium  Cyanocobalamin  BHI"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0040"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Brain Heart Infusion  BHIHM agar"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0050"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"BHI-hemin-menadione agar  BSA"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0060"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"bovine serum albumin  BSA-2934"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0070"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"BSA catalog No  A-2934  BSA-3059"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0080"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"BSA catalog No  A-3059  BSA-7030"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0090"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"BSA catalog No  A-7030  BSA-7906"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0100"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"BSA catalog No  A-7906  BSA-V"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0110"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"BSA Cohn fraction V  IgG"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0120"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"bovine γ–immunoglobulin G  OD"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0130"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"optical density
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