Clinical significance and potential role of trimethylamine N-oxide in neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders |
| |
| Affiliation: | 1. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, PES University, HN-Campus, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India;2. Pathophysiology of Neuropsychiatric Disorders Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA;3. Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA;4. Research and Development, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA;5. Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA;6. Centro Integrativo de Biologia y Quimica Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago, Chile;7. Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Translational Psychiatry Program, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA;8. Experimental Physiopathology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil;9. Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA |
| |
| Abstract: | In the past three decades, research on the gut microbiome and its metabolites, such as trimethylamines (TMA), trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), bile acids, tryptophan and indole derivatives, has attracted the attention of many scientists and industrialists. Among these metabolites, TMAO is produced from dietary choline, phosphatidylcholine, carnitine, and betaine. TMAO and other gut metabolites, such as TMA and SCFAs, reach the brain by crossing the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and are involved in brain development, neurogenesis, and behavior. Gut-microbiota composition is influenced by diet, lifestyle, antibiotics, and age. Several studies have confirmed that altered TMAO levels contribute to metabolic, vascular, psychiatric, and neurodegenerative disorders. This review focuses on how altered TMAO levels impact oxidative stress, microglial activation, and the apoptosis of neurons, and may lead to neuroinflammation, which can subsequently result in the development of psychiatric, cognitive, and behavioral disorders. |
| |
| Keywords: | Trimethylamine oxide Gut microbiome Neurological disorder Neuropsychiatric disorder |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ |
|
