我国公共卫生地方立法研究--基于32部地方法律规范的实证分析

推动公共卫生事业持续健康发展需要健全完善的地方立法体系。截止2019年1月,我国各地区出台的,直接以公共卫生为"标的",现仍具有法律效力的地方法律规范共计32部,呈现出:立法主体上,多元性和多层级;立法时间上,跨度大和某一时间段较为集中;立法目的和内容上,较为单一和集中等特征。上述立法虽在一定程度上保障了地方公共卫生事业的有序开展,但毋庸讳言,目前也存在着难以满足新时代地方公共卫生事业发展需要,部分立法条款严谨性不够、操作性不强等问题。当前,应按照新时代公共卫生事业的发展要求明确立法导向和内容,加快公共卫生地方立法清理的步伐和进程等路径措施,提升我国公共卫生地方立法质效。

Study on Local Public Health Legislation in China--An Empirical Analysis Based on 32 Local Laws and Regulations

To promote the sustained and healthy development of public health,it is necessary to improve the local legislative system. As of January 2019,32 local laws and regulations with public health as the "target" were promulgated in all regions of China,which still have legal effect,showing the characteristics of: legislative subject,pluralism and multi-level;legislative time,a large span and a relatively concentrated period of time;legislative purpose and content,relatively single and centralized. Although the above-mentioned legislation guarantees the orderly development of local public health undertakings to a certain extent,it goes without saying that there are still some problems,such as difficulties in meeting the development needs of local public health undertakings in the new era,inadequate rigorousness of some legislative provisions and poor operability. At present,we should clarify the legislative orientation and content according to the requirements of the development of public health in the new era,speed up the pace and process of clearing up local public health legislation,and improve the quality and effectiveness of local public health legislation in China.