Biological characteristics of dental pulp stem cells and their potential use in regenerative medicine |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Oral Anatomy, Aichi Gakuin University School of Dentistry, Nagoya, Japan;2. Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan;1. Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;2. Department of Oral Physiology, Asahi University School of Dentistry, 1851-1 Hozumi, Mizuho, Gifu 501-0296, Japan;3. Obesity Institute, Geisinger Medical Center, 100 North Academy Ave, Danville, PA 17822, USA;4. Graduate School of Dental Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan;5. Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kandamisaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061 Japan;6. Department of Oral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558 Japan;1. Division of Forensic Odontology, Department of Diagnostic ＆ Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan;2. Division of Dental Radiology, Department of Diagnostic ＆ Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan;3. Forensic Odontology Center, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan;4. Department of Legal Medicine, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan;1. Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Oral Diagnosis and Oral Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt;2. Department of Surgery, Anesthesia, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt;1. Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, N13W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8586, Japan;2. Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan;3. Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, AIST, Central 2, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8568, Japan;1. Division of Anatomy, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 3500283, Japan;2. Department of Anatomy (Macro), School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi 3210293, Japan;3. Department of Clinical Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, Komatsu University, He 14-1 Mukai-motoori-machi, Komatsu, Ishikawa 923-0961, Japan;4. Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808575, Japan;1. Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Surgery, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan;2. Division of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan;3. Division of Bioregulatory Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundRegenerative medicine has emerged as a multidisciplinary field with the promising potential of renewing tissues and organs. The main types of adult stem cells used in clinical trials are hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Stem cells are defined as self-renewing clonogenic progenitor cells that can generate one or more types of specialized cells.HighlightMSCs form adipose, cartilage, and bone tissue. Their protective and regenerative effects, such as mitogenic, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and angiogenic effects, are mediated through paracrine and endocrine mechanisms. Dental pulp is a valuable source of stem cells because the collection of dental pulp for stem cell isolation is non-invasive, in contrast to conventional sources, such as bone marrow and adipose tissue. Teeth are an excellent source of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) for therapeutic procedures and they can be easily obtained after tooth extraction or the shedding of deciduous teeth. Thus, there is increased interest in optimizing and establishing standard procedures for obtaining DPSCs; preserving well-defined DPSC cultures for specific applications; and increasing the efficiency, reproducibility, and safety of the clinical use of DPSCs.ConclusionThis review comprehensively describes the biological characteristics and origins of DPSCs, their identification and harvesting, key aspects related to their characterization, their multilineage differentiation potential, current clinical applications, and their potential use in regenerative medicine for future dental and medical applications. |
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| Keywords: | Adult stem cells Cell differentiation Cell proliferation Dental pulp Odontoblasts |
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