政策文献计量视角下江苏省养老服务特征及优化策略

目的:分析政策文本结构及外部属性,厘清江苏省养老服务的主要特征及关注重点,为各省市完善政策体系提供参考。方法:采用政策文献计量法分析23项养老服务政策的出台频率、颁布机构及政策主题,并借助ROST CM工具提取主题词,利用Ucinet软件绘制图谱、计算中心度指标。结果:江苏省老龄化进程逐步放缓,养老政策出台频率与老年人口占比增长幅度趋同。养老资源及信息集中在以省民政厅为主的9所机构中,其余职能部门参与度较弱。现阶段政府关注老年群体的基本生活及医疗需求,工作重心在于养老模式的完善优化,高龄、失能等弱势老年群体的养老问题尚未成为热点。结论:各省市需及时掌握当地老年群体特征,在满足基本需求的基础上保障不同时期、不同群体的多层次养老需求。应鼓励各机构整合优势资源,补充完善体育健身、"互联网+养老"等多领域政策。同时营造积极养老氛围,鼓励老年人通过志愿服务、再就业等方式实现社会价值,在中度老龄化社会进一步释放老年人口红利。

Studying on The Characteristics and Optimization Strategies of Pension Service in Jiangsu Province from The Perspective of Policy Document Quantitative Research

Objective To clarify the main characteristics of pension services and its focus in Jiangsu,and provide references for improving the policy system. Methods The frequency,institutions and policy theme of 23 policies in pension services were analyzed with policy documents quantitative research method. The keywords were extracted by ROST CM. And the visualization and centrality were obtained by Ucinet software. Results The aging process in Jiangsu has gradually slowed down. The frequency of policy issuance was similar to the growth rate of the elderly. Resources and information of pension services were concentrated on 9 institutions headed by Civil Affairs Department,while other institutions were weakly involved. The government currently paid attention to the basic living and medical needs of the elderly,focused on improving the pension service model. But the pension problem of the disadvantaged elderly was not taken as hot spot. Conclusion It is suggested that the government should grasp the characteristics of local elderly groups timely and ensure the multi-level pension needs of different stages and different groups on the basis of meeting their basic needs. Institutions should be encouraged to integrate superior resources and introduce a number of policies,such as physical fitness and "Internet+pension". And it is necessary to create an active environment and encourage the elderly to achieve social value by volunteer service and re-employment,which can gain more benefit in a moderately aging society.