不同区域范围实施传染源控制为主的血吸虫病综合防治措施效果观察

目的 观察在不同区域范围内实施传染源控制措施预防控制血吸虫病效果.方法 分别以行政村、乡镇以及水系流域为区域范围,实施以机代牛、卫生改厕等传染源控制措施,观察螺、病情变化情况,评价其预防控制血吸虫病流行的效果.结果 以行政村为区域范围的8个村在实施传染源控制措施3年后,人群平均感染率由4.72％降为0.33％,降幅为93.01％;感染性钉螺平均密度由0.0088只/0.11m2降为0.0015只/0.11m2,降幅为95.45％.铜陵县老洲乡在整乡推进传染源控制措施3年后,人群平均感染率由4.78％降为0.08％,降幅为98.33％;感染性钉螺平均密度由0.015只/0.11m2降为0.贵池区秋浦河流域、长江及九华河流域、升金湖流域分别在实施传染源控制措施4年、3年、2年后,人群平均感染率分别由4.65％ 、4.52％ 、3.65％降为1.32％、1.75％、1.91％,降幅分别为71.61％、61.28％、47.67％;感染性钉螺平均密度分别由0.007 5只/0.11m2、0.005 2只/0.11m2、0.0053只/0.11m2降为0.0004只/0.11m2、0、0,降幅分别为94.67％、100％和100％.急性血吸虫感染均得到有效控制.结论 实施传染源控制为主的综合防治措施能够有效控制血吸虫病疫情,防治效果较为巩固.

Effect of comprehensive schistosomiasis control measures with emphasis on infectious source control carried out in different scale regions

Objective To observe the effect for schistosomiasis control by carrying out integrated measures with emphasis on infectious source control carried out in different environmental settings. Methods A total of 8 villages, one township and 3 river basins regions were selected as study sites to implement infectious source control measures including replacing bovine with tractors for farming, safe treatment of night-soil and so on. The infection of Schistosoma japonicum in residents and the infection of Oncomelania snail were observed in the following years. Results In the 8 villages after carrying out the measures for 3 years, the average infection rate of residents reduced from 4.72% to 0.33% and decreased by 93.01%, the mean density of infected snails reduced from 0.0088 snails/0.1 lm2 to 0.0015 snails/0.1 lm2 and decreased by 95.45%. In Laozhou township after carrying out the measures for 3 years, the average infection rate of residents reduced from 4.78% to 0.08% and decreased by 98.33%, the mean density of infected snails reduced from 0.015 snails/0.11m2 to 0. The average infection rate of residents reduced from 4.65% ,4.52% ,3.65% to 1.32%,1.75% ,1.91% in the Qiupu,Changjiang and Jiuhua,Shengjin River basin after carrying the measures for 4,3 and 2 years,respectively. The mean density of infected snails redued from 0.0075 snails/0.11m2,0.0052 snails/0.11m2,0.0053 snails/0.11m2 to 0.0004 snails/ 0.11m2,0,0, respectively. Acute schistosomiasis was controlled effectively. Conclusion The strategy of infectious source control measures with emphasis on replacing bovine with tractors for finning and safe treatment of night-soil can reduce the prevalence of schistosomias significandy, and the achievement was sustained considerably.