Pc 4 photodynamic therapy of U87-derived human glioma in the nude rat |
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Authors: | George John E Ahmad Yusra Varghai Davood Li Xiaolin Berlin Jeffrey Jackowe David Jungermann Marc Wolfe Michael S Lilge Lothar Totonchi Ali Morris Rachel L Peterson Allyn Lust W David Kenney Malcolm E Hoppel Charles L Sun Jiayang Oleinick Nancy L Dean David |
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Affiliation: | Department of Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA. |
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Abstract: | BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: As a potential therapy for malignant glioma, we tested the phthalocyanine photosensitizer Pc 4 for: (1) rapid clearance from the vasculature, (2) specificity for glioma, and (3) tumoricidal photosensitizing capability. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: Parenchymal injection of U87 cells into athymic rat brains (N = 100) was followed after 12 days by tail vein injection of 0.5 mg/kg Pc 4. After 1 day, the tumor was illuminated with either 5 (N = 11) or 30 (N = 16) J/cm(2) red light at 672 nm. Sacrifice was 1 day later. The brains from these 27 animals underwent H&E (necrosis) and TUNEL assay (apoptosis) histology. Pc 4 concentration of explanted brains and tumors (N = 16), and all blood samples (N = 52) were determined by HPLC-MS 1 day post Pc 4 administration. RESULTS: Tumor-specific apoptosis was almost uniformly seen; however, necrosis was found mostly in the high-light-dose group. Pc 4 concentration in bulk tumor averaged 3.8 times greater than in normal brain. CONCLUSIONS: These results warrant expanding this pre-clinical study to seek effective baseline Pc 4 drug- and light-doses and infusion-to-photoirradiation timing that would be necessary for a Pc 4-mediated PDT clinical trial for glioma patients. |
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Keywords: | athymic cancer glioblastoma multiforme photosensitizer phthalocyanine mass spectrometry brain tumor biophotonics |
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