Glucagon-like peptide 1 abolishes the postprandial rise in triglyceride concentrations and lowers levels of non-esterified fatty acids in humans |
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Authors: | J J Meier A Gethmann O Götze B Gallwitz J J Holst W E Schmidt M A Nauck |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Medicine I, St Josef Hospital, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany;(2) Department of Medical Physiology, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;(3) Diabeteszentrum Bad Lauterberg, Bad Lauterberg, Germany;(4) Larry Hillblom Islet Research Center, UCLA Division of Endocrinology, 24-130 Warren Hall, 900 Veteran Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7073, USA |
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Abstract: | Aims/hypothesis Diabetic dyslipidaemia contributes to the excess morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes. Exogenous glucagon-like
peptide 1 (GLP-1) lowers postprandial glycaemia predominantly by slowing gastric emptying. Therefore, the effects of GLP-1
on postprandial lipid levels and gastric emptying were assessed.
Methods 14 healthy male volunteers were studied with an i.v. infusion of GLP-1 (1.2 pmol kg−1 min−1) or placebo over 390 min in the fasting state. A solid test meal was served and gastric emptying was determined using a 13C-labelled sodium octanoate breath test. Venous blood was drawn frequently for measurement of glucose, insulin, C-peptide,
glucagon, GLP-1, triglycerides and NEFA.
Results GLP-1 administration lowered fasting and postprandial glycaemia (p<0.0001). Gastric emptying was delayed by GLP-1 compared with placebo (p<0.0001). During GLP-1 administration, insulin secretory responses were higher in the fasting state but lower after meal ingestion.
After meal ingestion, triglyceride plasma levels increased by 0.33±0.14 mmol/l in the placebo experiments (p<0.0001). In contrast, the postprandial increase in triglyceride levels was completely abolished by GLP-1 (change in triglycerides,
−0.023±0.045 mmol/l; p<0.05). During GLP-1 infusion, plasma concentrations of NEFA were suppressed by 39% in the fasting state (p<0.01) and by 31±5% after meal ingestion (p<0.01).
Conclusions/interpretation GLP-1 improves postprandial lipidaemia, presumably as a result of delayed gastric emptying and insulin-mediated inhibition
of lipolysis. Thus, by lowering both glucose and lipid concentrations, GLP-1 administration may reduce the cardiovascular
risk in patients with type 2 diabetes. |
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Keywords: | Gastric emptying Glucagon-like peptide 1 GLP-1 Insulin secretion NEFA Triglycerides |
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