Central Nervous System Plus Autonomic Nervous System Disorders Responsible for Gastrointestinal and Pancreatobiliary Diseases |
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Authors: | Fuad Lechin Bertha van der Dijs |
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Affiliation: | (1) Departments of Neurophysiology, Neurochemistry, Neuropharmacology and Neuroimmunology, Instituto de Medicina Experimental, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Apartado 80.983, Caracas, 1080, Venezuela |
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Abstract: | Clinical digestive disorders depend on the non-adequate coupling of functioning of the gastrointestinal tract with that of its affluent systems, namely, the pancreatic exocrine and the hepato-biliary secretions. The secretion of gastrointestinal hormones is monitored by the peripheral autonomic nervous system. However, the latter is regulated by the central nervous system (CNS) circuitry localized at the medullary pontine segment of the CNS. In turn, both parasympathetic and adrenergic medullary circuitries are regulated by the pontine A5 noradrenergic (NA) and the dorsal raphe serotonergic nuclei, respectively. DR-5HT is positively correlated with the C1-Ad medullary nuclei (responsible for adrenal gland secretion), whereas the MR-5HT nucleus is positively correlated with the A5-NA pontomedullary nucleus. The latter is responsible for neural sympathetic activity (sympathetic nerves). Both types of sympathetic activities maintain an alternation with the peripheral parasympathetic branch, which is positively correlated with the enterochromaffin cells that secrete serotonin. Serotonin displays hormonal antagonism to the circulating catecholamines. |
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Keywords: | Autonomic nervous system Pancreato-biliary diseases Neural-sympathetic disorders Adrenal-sympathetic disorders Gastrointestinal motility Biliary motility |
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