桃仁化学成分、药理作用及质量标志物的预测分析

桃仁为我国传统常用活血类中药材,主产于四川、陕西、河北、山东、贵州、湖北等省。以山东产质优。桃仁中化学成分类型丰富,包括挥发油类、氰苷、黄酮类、脂肪酸类、甾醇类、桃仁蛋白等成分,传统认为桃仁氰苷中的苦杏仁苷是其特征性成分。对桃仁资源、化学成分、主要药理活性进行总结,并在此基础上,分析挥发油、氰苷、黄酮、桃仁蛋白成分与药效的关系,分析传统功效、现代药理作用与化学成分之间的关系。建议对桃仁进行挥发油、氰苷、黄酮类、脂肪酸类等成分的定性、定量分析,进一步聚焦其中甾醇类、桃仁蛋白类等成分化学物质组的深入研究,为明确桃仁的质量标志物(quality marker, Q-marker)和制定科学的质量标准提供基础。

Chemical Components and Pharmacological Action for Taoren(Persicae Semen) and Predictive Analysis on Q-marker

Taoren(Persicae Semen), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine, is commonly used to promote blood circulation. It is mainly produced in Sichuan, Shaanxi, Hebei, Shandong, Guizhou and Hubei provinces. The produce quality in Shandong is superior. The chemical composition is rich in Taoren(Persicae Semen), including volatile oil, flavonoids, cyanides, fatty acids, sterols, proteins, etc. Traditionally, amygdalin from cyanides is its main effective components. In this paper, the resource, chemical composition and main pharmacological activities of Taoren(Persicae Semen) were summarized. And on this basis, the relationship between chemical components and drug efficacy, including the volatile oil, cyanides, flavonoids, proteins, as well as the relationships between traditional efficacy, modern pharmacological effects and chemical composition were analyzed. It is suggested that identification and quantification of volatile oil, cyanides, flavonoids and fatty acids should be carried out and the further research of the sterols and proteins should be focused, which could provide the basis for clarifying the quality marker(Q-marker) and establishing scientific quality standards of Taoren(Persicae Semen).