饮用水源藻类及其毒素污染与消化系统肿瘤的关系

目的 分析江苏省饮用水源富营养化现状,探讨藻类及其毒素污染与消化道肿瘤的关系。方法 对近期江苏省水源水质评价的监测资料和公开发表的论资料进行整理和再分析。理化指标检测按“生活饮用水标准检验法”GB5750—85进行。藻类数量种群和叶绿素分级评价按(湖泊富营养化调查规范)进行。藻类毒素用竞争酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)方法进行测定。结果 水源水中藻类种届主要为蓝藻门、隐藻门、硅藻门、绿藻门。富营养化严重程度依次为太湖、骆马湖、北山水库、如东内河和运河,最低是长江(贫营养)。不同饮用水源类型中藻毒素含量阳性率高低顺序是：太湖水源水、沟塘水、河水、浅井,而深井水为0,太湖水为水源的水厂其出厂水有阳性。饮用不同水源的肝癌死亡串高低顺序为沟塘水、河水和浅井水,这与藻毒素污染程度一致。全省9个消化道肿瘤高发县均为太湖、洪泽湖流域和水网地区,而低发地区为非水网地区或多山地区。结论 江苏省饮用水源藻类及藻毒素污染已成为水源水质普遍恶化的重要因素。藻类污染的优势种群突出,富营养化程度比较严重。藻类及藻毒素污染与人群消化道肿瘤有联系。

Relationship between pollution of alga and microcystins in source water and digestive system cancers

Objective To assess the eutrophication and discuss the relationship between the pollution of alga and microcystins and digestive system cancers.Methods The data from the typical surveillance and the published research papers are packed up and re-analyzed.The drinking water's physical and chemical index were sampled and determined according to GB5750.The sample and determination of alga and chlorophyll were conducted according to "regulation for investigation on eutrophication of lakes".Microcystins were determined with ELISA method.Results Categories of algae were mainly cyanophyta,cryptophyta,euglenophyta,chlorophyta.The grade of eutrophication can be classified successively as the most eutrophic,Luoma lake,Beishan Water-reservoir,river freshwater in Rudong and Canal,mesotrophic,and Yangtse river the oligotrophic.The descending ranking of microcystins positive rate was ditch-pool water,river water,shallow-well water,while that of deep-well water was zero.The water out of water plants whose source water were Tai lake contained microcystins.The highest death rate of liver cancer was found in the habitants who drank and used the house ditch water,and then pool water,river water,the lowest was shallow-well water.Popular regions of alimentary canal tumors were mainly ones where source water were eutrophicated and had comparatively high mycrocystins.Conclusion The pollution of alga and alga toxins became the important factor of universally aggravating source water.The eutrophication and pollution of alga and microcystins did harm to human's health,which clearly indicated the relation between alga,microcystins and high popularity of tumors.