纵隔镜在仅以纵隔占位为表现的疾病诊断中的价值

目的 探讨纵隔镜在仅以纵隔占位为表现的胸部疾病的诊断中的价值,分析其临床表现与病理诊断的关系.方法 2000年7月至2006年3月97例诊断不明的仅以纵隔占位为表现的胸部疾病病人行纵隔镜检查,其中行颈部纵隔镜69例,胸骨旁纵隔镜28例.结果 手术过程均顺利,无严重手术并发症及围手术期死亡.除1例外,96例获得明确病理诊断.尽管病人临床症状无特异,但若伴有声音嘶哑、吞咽困难、下肢水肿、上腔静脉阻塞综合征等症状,则恶性肿瘤的可能性极大.前上纵隔病变以淋巴瘤（7/18例）、胸腺肿物（4/18例）、小细胞癌（4/18例）为主;中纵隔的病变以转移性非小细胞肺癌（11/37例）、结节病（9/37例）、小细胞癌（7/37例）和淋巴结反应性增生（6/37例）为主;合并肺门淋巴结肿大的纵隔病变以结节病（32/41例）,小细胞癌（5/41例）和结核（3/41例）为主.结论 经纵隔镜行纵隔病变活检为仅以纵隔占位为表现的胸部疾病病人提供了安全精确的诊断方式,从一些特征性临床表现中可以获得对肿物性质的初步判断.

Mediastinoscopy for diagnosis of disease characteristic with mediastinal mass only

Objective To assess the usefulness video-assisted mediastinoscopy (VM) for diagnosis of disease characteristic with mediastinal mass. Analyze the correlations of clinical features of the disease with the pathologic diagnosis. Methods Between July 2000 and March 2006, 97 undiagnosed patients with mediastinal mass in chest radiography underwent biopsy of mediastinal lesions by either cervical mediastinoscopy (n=69) or parasternal mediastionoscopy (n=28). We also analyzed the correlation of symptoms, location and extent of the lesion with the pathologic diagnosis. Results All 97 patients recovered smoothly without postoperative complications. Histologic diagnosis was obtained in 96 patients. Patients with hoarse, dysphagia and superior vena cava obstruction syndrome indicate malignant lesions (26/26). The most common diseases in the super-anterior mediastinum are lymphoma(7/19), thymoma(4/19) and small cell lung cancer(SCLC) (4/19);The most common disease in the middle mediastinum are metastasis of non small cell lung cancer(11/37), sarcoidosis (9/37)and SCLC(7/37); The most possible disease involved both mediastinum and lung hilar lymph-node are scalerdosis(32/41) and SCLC(5/41). Conclusion Mediastinoscopy is effective and safe methods to establish a histologic diagnosis in patients with mediastinal mass. It is possible to make primary evaluation on some of these patients according to the typical symptoms and location, extent of the mass involvement.