中国城市老年人自感健康与社会网络的关系研究

目的探讨中国城市老年人自感健康与社会网络的相关性,为制定有效的老年人健康促进策略提供参考依据。方法利用2008年开展的第四次国家卫生服务调查数据,从社会支持和社会参与两个方面,用最优尺度回归分析评估社会网络对城市老年人自感健康状况的影响。结果中国城市60岁及以上老年人自感健康评分均值为70.96±14.79分,最主要经济来源为自己或配偶的比例为83.53%;每周与邻居交往、参加亲戚朋友聚会、社会聚会和从事力所能及劳动的比例分别为76.08%、25.96%、10.94%和18.31%;对自感健康评分的影响重要性分别为0.039、0.070、0.023和0.022,仅次于身体健康状况。结论社会支持/参与是独立于身体健康状况之外的自感健康的风险因素。社会参与情况对自感健康的影响程度可能超过区域经济水平和来自配偶和子女的支持。社会网络内部不同构成要素对自感健康的影响程度存在差异。

Self-rated health and social network of older adults in urban China

Objective To explore the association between the self-rated health （SRH） and reported social net-work among the elderly in urban China. Methods The data from the 4th national household health survey conducted in 2008 was used to exam the relationship between the social network （ including aspects of social support and social involvement） and self-rated health among the elderly with optimal scaling regression. Results The average SRH score among the elderly in urban area was 70. 96±14.79. The proportion of the elderly whose major financial support was from themselves or their spouses was 83. 53%. The proportion of study subjects who had contacts with their neighbors, joined parties with relatives or friends, participated social parties every week and held a certain job were 76.08%, 25.96%, 10. 94% and 18. 31% respectively, and their importance of the impact on SRH were 0. 039, 0.070, 0. 023 and 0.022 respectively. Their contribution to SRH just followed that of the physical health status. Conclusion In urban China, social network of the elderly is associated with their SRH independent of physical health status. The impact of social integration on SRH is probably stronger than that of regional economic development and support from their offspring and spouses. The impact of different features of social network on SRH varies.