社会转型中城市居民心理压力的流行病学研究

目的　了解社会转型中城市居民存在的心理压力问题及其危险因素。方法　研究样本来自杭州、广州、重庆和太原 4个城市 36 6 6名研究对象 ,采用多阶段抽样 ,家庭访问调查。压力测量使用中文版知觉压力量表 (CPSS)。初步分析不同特征人群中的高水平压力 ,即健康危险性压力 (HRS)的分布状况 ,多元logistic分析用于确定其危险因素。结果　研究样本中CPSS具有良好的信度和效度。CPSS均值为 2 4 .2 2± 5 .81。HRS发生率为 4 4 .5 4 % (95 %CI:4 2 .90～ 4 6 .12 ) ,其中男性为 4 2 .95 % ,女性为 4 6 .30 % ,二者之间差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。HRS率随着年龄的增长而下降 ,>2 1岁年龄组最高 (5 9.2 9% )。HRS率也随着文化程度的上升而降低。HRS率在不同的职业群体间存在差别 ,高中学生、下岗者和未就业者是HRS高发人群率。HRS率与婚姻状态、家庭经济状况和个体的社交活动相关。结论　心理压力已成为中国城市居民一个严重的健康问题 ,特别是某些特殊群体值得关注。

An epidemiological study on stress among urban residents in social transition period

OBJECTIVE: To explore the stress related problems and risk factors among urban residents in the social transition period. METHODS: Samples including 3 666 subjects came from Hangzhou, Guangzhou, Chongqing and Taiyuan under multi-stage sampling procedure. Data were collected through a household interviewing survey. Stress was measured by the Chinese Perceived Stress Scales (CPSS). Distribution of health risk stress (HRS), high level stress were described along the demographic dimension. Multivariate logistic analysis was used to identify the predictors of HRS. RESULTS: CPSS was found to have good validity and reliability among this study sample. The mean score for the total sample was 24.22 +/- 5.81 and the overall prevalence of HRS was 44.54% (95% CI: 42.90 - 46.12). The difference between male (42.95%) and female (46.30%) was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The rate of HRS decreased with age, with the highest rate (59.29%) among those less than 21 years old. The rate of HRS also decreased as educational level increased and differed significantly by occupation. High school students, people who had never been employed and those who had lost their jobs had the highest rates of HRS. The rate of HRS was also related to marriage status, household's economic level, and the level of the social engagement of the subjects. CONCLUSION: Stress experienced by the urban residents became a serious health problem which requires special attention to be paid to certain subgroups in the population.