湖北地区早产儿视网膜病变筛查结果及相关因素分析

目的 了解湖北地区早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）的发病情况以及相关影响因素。方法 2009年7月至2011年5月对出生胎龄＜37周的313例早产儿的626只眼采用双目间接检眼镜和二代广角数码视网膜成像系统（RetcamⅡ）进行了ROP筛查。其中，男性200例，女性113例。出生体重890～3500 g，平均出生体重（1977.37±497.03） g。出生胎龄26～37周，平均出生胎龄（33.13±2.44）周。根据筛查结果分为ROP组和无ROP组。所有ROP患儿均随访至视网膜完全血管化；如视网膜未能完全血管化则随访至视网膜情况稳定或进行激光光凝治疗。同时对两组间性别、出生胎龄、出生体重、妊娠年龄、分娩方式、试管婴儿、多胎妊娠、孕期吸氧、宫内缺氧、子痫、先兆流产、婴儿吸氧史、呼吸窘迫综合征、缺血缺氧性脑病、黄疸、蓝光照射治疗等相关因素进行统计学分析。结果313例626只眼中，ROP组52例87只眼，分别占早产儿人数及眼数的16.61%和13.90%。其中,急进性后部型ROP 2只眼；1期38只眼；2期36只眼；3期11只眼。无ROP组261人539只眼，分别占受检早产儿人数及眼数的83.39%和86.10%。接受激光光凝治疗20只眼。统计学分析结果显示，ROP组和无ROP组在出生胎龄（t=-4.348）、出生体重（t=-3.966）、婴儿吸氧史(χ2=9.05；比值比=3.403，95%可信区间1.475~7.854)间比较，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。性别、妊娠年龄、分娩方式、试管婴儿、多胎妊娠、孕期吸氧、宫内缺氧、子痫、先兆流产、呼吸窘迫综合征、缺血缺氧性脑病、黄疸、蓝光照射治疗两组比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论湖北地区ROP发生率为16.61％；出生胎龄、出生体重、婴儿吸氧史是影响ROP发病率的重要影响因素。

Screening and risk factors analysis of retinopathy of prematurity in Hubei

Objective To investigate the incidence and risk factors associated with the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in Hubei province. MethodsFrom July 2009 to May 2011, 313 premature infants (626 eyes) with gestational age less than 37 weeks were examined by indirect ophthalmoscopy and RetCamⅡ as part of ROP screening.Two hundred infants were male and 113 were female. Their birth weight was from 890 to 3500 grams, with a mean of (1977.37±497.03) grams. Their gestational age was from 26 to 37 weeks, with a mean of (33.13±2.44) week. The infants were divided into ROP group and non-ROP group according to the results of screening. All infants were followed up until retinopathy was stable or received laser therapy as the requirements of prevention and control guidelines of ROP. The sex, gestational age, birth weight, delivery mode, IVF baby, multiple pregnancy, oxygen therapy, intrauterine hypoxia, eclampsia, threatened abortion, oxygen history of infants, respiratory distress syndrome, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, jaundice, and blue ray radiation therapy in two groups were statistically analyzed. ResultsIn 313 infants (626 eyes), ROP developed in 52 infants (16.61%) and 87 eyes (13.90%), which including 2 eyes suffering from AP-ROP, 38 eyes from stage 1, 36 eyes from stage 2, 11 eyes from stage 3. There were 261 infants (83.39%) and 539 eyes (8610%) in non ROP group. Eleven infants (20 eyes) received laser therapy. The results of statistical analysis showed that gestation age(t=-4.348), birth weight (t=-3.966), oxygen therapy (χ2=9.05;OR=3.403, 95%CI=1.475 - 7.854) were significantly related to ROP (P＜0.05).ConclusionThe incidence of ROP in Hubei province is 16.61%. The gestation age, birth weight and oxygen therapy are closely related to the occurrence of ROP.