探究下呼吸道感染的主要微生物分布及其耐药性

目的探究下呼吸道感染的主要微生物分布及其耐药性特点,为临床治疗提供依据。方法选取该院2017年1月至2019年1月收治的下呼吸道感染患者100例作为研究对象,分别对下呼吸道感染患者的痰液进行细菌培养,并且在分离病原菌后进行药敏学鉴定,分析各类病原菌的耐药性。结果100例痰样本中共分离出158株病原体,其中革兰阴性菌115株,革兰阳性菌26株,真菌17株。革兰阴性菌中铜绿假单胞菌29株(25.22%),大肠埃希菌22株(19.13%),克雷伯菌22株(19.13%),鲍氏不动杆菌27株(23.48%),其他15株(13.04%);革兰阳性菌中金黄色葡萄球菌11株(42.31%),肺炎链球菌15株(57.69%);真菌中白色假丝酵母菌11株(64.71%),光滑假丝酵母菌5株(29.41%),克柔假丝酵母菌1株(5.88%);革兰阴性菌的总占比为72.78%,比革兰阳性菌的16.46%和真菌的10.76%高(P<0.05);革兰阴性菌对各种抗生素均具有较好的耐药性;革兰阳性菌除了对万古霉素不耐药外,对其他抗生素也具有一定的耐药性。结论进行下呼吸道细菌培养后发现革兰阴性菌的比例相对较高,通过药敏实验可以针对不同细菌耐药性的特性来选择相应的抗生素。

Exploration of distribution and drug resistance of major microorganisms in lower respiratory tract infections

【Objective】To explore the distribution and drug resistance of main microorganisms in lower respiratory tract infections,and to provide evidence for better clinical treatment.【Methods】One hundred patients with lower respiratory tract infection treated in our hospital from January 2017 to January 2019 were selected as the research objects,and the sputum of them was collected for bacteria culture,and after isolation of pathogenic bacteria,drug sensitivity was identified and drug resistance of various pathogenic bacteria was analyzed.【Results】A total of 158 cases of pathogens were isolated from 100 sputum samples,including 115 Gram-negative bacteria,26 Gram-positive bacteria and 17 fungi.There were 29 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa(25.22%),22 strains of Escherichia coli(19.13%),22 strains of Klebsiella(19.13%),27 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii(23.48%)and 15 strains(13.04%)were Gram-negative bacteria.In Gram-positive bacteria,11 strains were Staphylococcus aureus(42.31%),15 strains were Streptococcus pneumoniae(57.69%);11 strains were Candida albicans(64.71%),5 strains were Candida glabrata(29.41%)and 1 strain was Candida krusei(5.88%).The total proportion of Gram-negative bacteria was 72.78%,which was significantly higher than that of Gram-positive bacteria(16.46%)and fungi(10.76%),and there were statistical differences(P<0.05).The Gram-negative bacteria had good resistance to various antibiotics.Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae in Gram-positive bacteria were not resistant to vancomycin,and other antibiotics also had certain resistance.【Conclusion】The proportion of Gram-negative bacteria are relatively high after lower respiratory tract bacterial culture.Antibiotics could be selected according to the characteristics of drug resistance of different bacteria through drug sensitivity test.