全髋关节置换术治疗髋臼发育不良伴骨性关节炎

目的 探讨原位髋臼、股骨不截骨的全髋关节置换术治疗髋臼发育不良伴骨性关节炎的可行性.方法 1999年1月-2005年12月,收治32例35髋髋臼发育不良伴骨性关节炎患者.男6例7髋,女26例28髋;年龄28～72岁,平均53岁.按Crowe分型,Ⅰ型10例11髋,Ⅱ型14例15髋,ⅠⅡⅢ型5例6髋,Ⅳ型3例3髋.术前均存在严重髋关节疼痛和功能障碍,19例下肢短缩3～6 cm.术前Harris评分(41.19±10.13)分.采用软组织彻底松解、原位髋臼、股骨不截骨的方法行全髋关节置换术.结果 单侧全髋关节置换手术时间平均50 min,输血2～4 U.患者伤口均Ⅰ期愈合.32例均获随访12～60个月,平均24个月.无关节脱位、股骨干骨折、股神经及坐骨神经损伤等并发症发生,无假体松动的临床和X线征象.术后下肢延长2～6 cm,基本恢复双下肢平衡.术后Harrs评分(84.71±9.34)分,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 全髋关节置换术是治疗髋臼发育不良伴骨性关节炎的良好方法,术中彻底松解可以下肢延长4～6 cm而无神经麻痹.

TREATMENT OF OSTEOARTHRITIS SECONDARY TO ACETABULAR DYSPLASIA BY TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the flexibility of the treatment of osteoarthritis secondary to acetabular dysplasia by total hip arthroplasty (THA), in which the acetabular component is placed in the true acetabulum and femoral osteotomy is not performed. METHODS: From January 1999 to December 2005, 35 THA procedures were performed in 32 patients with 35 hips, including 6 males with 7 hips and 26 females with 28 hips, with the average age of 53 years (ranging from 28 years to 72 years). On the basis of Crowe classification, type I included 10 patients with 11 hips, type II included 14 patients with 15 hips, type III included 5 patients with 6 hips, and type IV included 3 patients with 3 hips. All patients experienced severe pain and dysfunction. In 19 cases, the leg length discrepancy was from 3 cm to 6 cm. The Harris score was 41.49 +/- 10.13 before the operation. In all procedures, the soft tissue was released entirely and the acetabular component was placed in the true acetabulum, but femoral osteotomy was not performed. RESULTS: The average operation time of unilateral THA was 50 minutes. All patients were given transfusion from 2 U to 4U. All incisions healed at the first stage. After the operation, the leg was lengthened 2-6 cm, and the two legs were equally long. The follow-up lasted for 12 to 60 months. The Harris score was 84.71 +/- 9.34 after the operation, showing statistically significant differece (P < 0.05). According to clinical outcomes and X-ray films, no dislocation, femoral fracture, femoral or sciatic nerve palsy was detected. CONCLUSION: It is effective to use THA procedures for osteoarthritis secondary to acetabular dysplasia. If the soft tissue is released entirely, the leg will be lengthened 4-6 cm without nerve palsy.