基于台风灾害的居民疾病影响及需求分析

目的 探讨台风灾害引发的疾病影响特征和灾民对医疗救护的需求.方法 采用整群抽样方法,分别于2006年8月＂桑美＂台风和2007年8月＂圣帕＂台风登陆后2个月对浙江省苍南县5个自然村的434名居民进行问卷调查,调查灾害造成损伤和疾病影响的特点,以及灾民对医疗救护的需求.结果 台风过后,灾民113人（26.04%）出现体损伤和/或疾病,93人（21.43%）的原有疾病,如高血压、肺气肿等复发和/或加重.87人（20.05%）因灾害外伤住院,其中77.01%因软组织挫伤（67/87）,27人（31.03%）同时有两种或两种以上的损伤.台风灾后3 d的疾病以急性消化道和上呼吸道感染为主,第5 d以伤口感染为多见,旧病复发则以第7 d为多见.居民对救护需求最为迫切是迅速转移到安全处,紧急救护,提供食品,恢复水电供应,健康指导,恢复交通、通讯等.结论 台风灾害可引起急性消化道和上呼吸道感染、伤口感染以及旧病复发.居民对救护需求包括转移到安全处,紧急救护,提供生活必需品等.

Characteristics of injuries and diseases caused by typhoon and needs for emergency rescue of victims

Objective To explore the characteristics of injuries and diseases caused by typhoon and the needs of victims for emergency rescue. Methods Questionnaire survey was conducted among 434 rural residents, 182 males and 252 females, aged （38.7 ± 17.4）, by cluster sampling from 5 villages of Cangnan County attacked by the Typhoon Saomai in August 2006 and by the Super Typhoon Sepat in August 2007 respectively, totally twice to investigate the characteristics of injuries and diseases caused by typhoon and their needs for emergency rescue. Results 113 （26.04%） of the 434 victims suffered from injuries or diseases after the typhoons attacked, and 27 suffered a relapse of their old diseases, such as hypertension, pneumonectasis, etc. 87 of the 423 victims （20.05%） were hospitalized because of the injuries and/or diseases, of which 67 （77.01%） were admitted because of soft tissue contusion, and 27 （31.03%） because of 2 or more than 2 kinds of injuries. Three days after the typhoon attack the most common diseases were acute respiration infection and acute gastroenteritis, 5 days after the attack wound iniection became the main complaint. Relapse of old diseases was seen the most frequently at the seventh day after the attack. The urgent needs of the victims included transfer to safer places, emergent treatment and nursing care, supply of food, restoration of water and electricity supply, health education, restoration of traffic and communication, etc. Conclusion Typhoon induces acute infection of the digestive and respiratory systems and the wound. The victims need safe transfer, emergent rescue and treatment, supply of daily necessities, etc.