大学生控烟意识及其影响因素

目的了解大学生控烟意识及其影响因素，为高校进行控烟教育提供依据。方法采用随机整群抽样的方法对806名大学生进行调查，并对结果进行统计分析。结果大学生吸烟态度总体均值为（1．80±0．72），低于理论中值2．5；律己控烟意识的总体均值为（1．30±0．46），律他控烟意识的总体均值为（1．38±0．49），均低于理论中值1．5。不同性别、学历和学科的大学生对吸烟态度的差异有统计学意义（p〈0．01）；不同学科和民族的大学生对律己控烟和律他控烟的差异有统计学意义（p〈0．01）。个人吸烟状况与控烟意识各因子均呈显著负相关（p〈0．01），父母吸烟状况与大学生吸烟态度呈显著正相关（r=0．155，p〈0．05）；接受过父母的吸烟危害教育的学生为73．9％，接受过学校的吸烟危害教育的学生仅为24．8％；父母吸烟危害教育与吸烟态度呈显著负相关（r=-0．103，p〈0．01），与律已控烟呈显著正相关（r=0．098，p〈0．01）。结论大学生控烟意识处于中等偏上水平，但不同性别、学历、学科、民族存在差异。父母吸烟状况和吸烟危害教育与大学生控烟意识密切相关，而高校对大学生缺乏控烟教育。为全面提高大学生控烟意识，高校对大学生进行控烟健康教育与家庭教育应相互结合，相互促进。

Analysis of Tobacco Control Awareness Among College Students and Its Influencing Factors

Objective To have knowledge about the awareness of tobacco control among college students and its influencing factors so as to provide a basis for conducting education on tobacco control in institutions of higher education. Method A survey of 806 college students was conducted by random cluster sampling and the result was statistically analyzed. Results Population mean of smoking attitude in college students was （1. 80 ± 0.72）, which was lower than that of the theoretical median 2.5; population mean of autonomous awareness of tobacco control was （1.30±0.46） and that of heteronomous awareness of tobacco control was （1.38±0.49）, which were both lower than that of the theoretical median 1.5. Differences in smoking attitude among college students with different sex, academic background and subject were statistically significant （p〈0.01）; differ-ences in autonomous awareness and heteronomous awareness of tobacco control among students with different subject and ethnic group were statistically significant （p〈0.01）. Smoking status among individuals was nega tively correlated with all factors of tobacco control awareness （p〈0.01）, and smoking status of parents was positively correlated with smoking attitude of college students （r=0. 155, p〈0. 05）. Students who were taught on harmfulness of smoking by parents accounted for 73.9% and who were taught on harmfulness of smoking at school only accounted for 24.8%. Education on harmfulness of smoking by parents had remarkably negative correlations with smoking attitude （r=0. 103, p〈0.01） and had remarkably positive correlations with autonomous tobacco control （r=0. 098, p〈0.01）. Conclusion Awareness of tobacco control among col-lege students is above the medium level, which is varied by sex, academic background, subject and ethnic group. Smoking status of parents and education on harmfulness of smoking are closely related with tobacco control awareness among college students, while education on tobacco control carried out for students at school is insufficient. To improve awareness of tobacco control among college students, health education on tobacco control for students in institutions of higher education shall be combined with family education.