支气管内膜结核的纤维支气管镜与影像学对照研究

目的探讨支气管内膜结核(EBTB)的分型与影像学关系,以及支气管内膜结核动态演变的纤维支气管镜与影像学特点的相关性。方法分析48例经细菌培养、纤维支气管镜或手术确诊的EBTB患者的纤维支气管镜结果与胸部CT表现,对支气管内膜结核的分型、动态演变与影像学特点给予评价。结果48例支气管内膜结核纤维支气管镜结果:黏膜炎症型13例,干酪坏死型8例,结核结节型6例,溃疡型7例,肿瘤型2例,纤维狭窄型5例,混合型7例。各型支气管内膜结核影像表现有交叉,CT主要表现为:肺叶、段气管支气管壁增厚31例,占64.6%,气管支气管狭窄或阻塞20例,占41.7%,支气管充气征19例,占37.5%,管腔内结节或肿块12例,占25%,阻塞性炎症12例,占25%,肺叶、肺段不张或实变18例,占37.5%。CT检查结果与支气管镜对照:病变检出符合率为83.3%。19例支气管内膜结核在1～5个月内进行了纤维支气管镜复查,其中12例(黏膜炎症型3例,干酪坏死型4例,溃疡型3例,混合型2例)病灶吸收好转,其余7例中6例转型,4例转变为纤维狭窄型,1例无变化;28例进行了CT随诊,其中20例(黏膜炎症型6例,干酪坏死型4例,溃疡型3例,结核结节型1例,纤维狭窄型2例,肿瘤型1例,混合型3例)病灶吸收好转,6例转型,2例转变为纤维狭窄型,2例无明显变化。CT与支气管镜对照疗效判定符合率达88.5%。结论CT检查与纤维支气管镜在支气管内膜结核病变的检出方面具有较高的相符性,CT作为一种无创检查,对于支气管内膜结核动态演变的观察、并发症的预测及临床治疗疗效的评估更具临床应用价值。

Comparative Study Between Bronchoscopy and Imageology of Endobronchial Tuberculosis

Objective To explore the relationship between the classification and imageology,the dynamic changes of bronchoscopy and CT features of endobronchial tuberculosis(EBTB).Methods CT findings and bronchoscopic findings in 48 cases with EBTB proved by sputum culture , bronchoscopic biopsy and surgical pathology were analyzed.The classification,dynamic changes and CT characteristics were also evaluated.Results Bronchoscopic results showed 13 of edematous-hyperemic type, 8 of caseous nocrosis type, 5 of fibrostenotic type, 2 of tumorous type, 6 of granular type, 7 of ulcerative type and 7 of mixed type. CT manifestations in different types were intersected,including thickened bronchial wall (64.6%) , bronchial stenosis (41.7%) , aerated bronchus sign ( 37.5% ) ,intra-luminal nodules ( 25% ), bronchial structure with obstructive atelectasis ( 37.5% ) and pneumonia (25% ) .The corresponding rate between bronchoscopy and CT was 83.3% in detecting diseases.19 cases were followed-up by bronchoscopy during the initial 1~5 months of treatment,and 12 cases (3 edematous-hyperemic,4 caseation,3 ulcerative,2 mixed type) were resolved or healed without sequelae,6 cases changed into the other type,4 cases changed into the fibrostenotic type, 2 cases remained in a fibrostenotic state in spite of drug therapy.28 cases were followed-up by CT during the initial 1~5 months of treatment, and 20 cases (6 edematous-hyperemic,4 caseation,3 ulcerative, 1 granular,2 fibrostegnotic 1 tumorous,3 mixed type) were improved,6 cases changed into the other type,2 cases turned into the fibrostenotic type, 2 cases did not improve despite antituberculosis chemotherapy.CT correlated well with fibrobronchoscope(88.5%) in predicting the therapeutic outcome of EBTB.Conclusion CT as a non-invasive method has high clinical value in observing the evolution , predicting the complications and evaluating the therapeutic effect of EBTB.