Pre-pregnancy iron reserves, iron supplementation during pregnancy, and birth weight |
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Authors: | Aranda Nuria Ribot Blanca Garcia Elena Viteri Fernando E Arija Victoria |
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Institution: | a IISPV, Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Spainb Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, Morgan Hall, University of California, Children''s Hospital Oakland Research Institute (CHORI) Oakland, USAc Institut de Investigació Jordi Gol (IDIAP), Spain |
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Abstract: | BackgroundEarly iron supplementation in women with sufficient reserves could provoke iron excess resulting in haemoconcentration and low infant birth weight (IBW).AimTo clarify the influence of early iron supplementation on maternal iron status and the IBW, taking into account pre-pregnancy iron deposits.Study designLongitudinal, prospective study.SubjectsHealthy women volunteers (n = 82) intending to become pregnant.Outcome measuresWomen were grouped as a function of their pre-pregnancy (low or present) iron stores (serum ferritin (SF) < or ≥ 20 μg/L) and time of commencement of iron supplementation during pregnancy; “early” (< 20 weeks) or “late” (≥ 20 weeks). Obstetric and clinical history, smoking habit, dietary intake and iron biochemical parameters were obtained at pre-pregnancy as well as at 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters. Haemoglobin, MCV, SF and transferrin saturation (TS) were measured.ResultsOverall, 36% of the women had low iron stores at pre-pregnancy. The mean early supplementation with iron was 140.7 mg/d and the mean of late supplementation was 99.01 mg/d. Early supplementation improves the biochemical status of the mother and does not provoke a significant increase in haemoconcentration relative to late supplementation independently of the pre-pregnancy iron levels.Supplemental iron had a positive effect on birth weight among women with pre-pregnancy low iron stores (β = 4.37; SE = 1.8; p = 0.038) and did not affect birth weight among women with present iron stores (β = − 0.008; SE = 3.03; p = 0.998).ConclusionEarly iron supplementation with doses ~ 100 mg/d improves the biochemical status of the mother independently of her pre-pregnancy iron status. Supplementation with iron improves newborn birth weight in those women who start pregnancy with iron deficiency, and makes no significant difference to those women who are not iron deficient. |
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Keywords: | BMI body mass index CRP C-reactive protein Hb haemoglobin MLR multiple linear regression SF serum ferritin TS transferrin saturation VCM mean corpuscular volume WHO world health organisation |
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