Maternal vitamin B-12 and folate status during pregnancy and excessive infant crying |
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Authors: | Goedhart Geertje van der Wal Marcel F van Eijsden Manon Bonsel Gouke J |
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Affiliation: | a Public Health Service, Department of Epidemiology, Documentation and Health Promotion, P.O. Box 2200, 1000 CE Amsterdam, The Netherlandsb Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands |
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Abstract: | BackgroundThe etiology of excessive infant crying is largely unknown. We hypothesize that excessive infant crying may have an early nutritional origin during fetal development.AimsThis study is the first to explore whether (1) maternal vitamin B-12 and folate status during pregnancy are associated with excessive infant crying, and (2) whether and how maternal psychological well-being during pregnancy affects these associations.Study designWomen were approached around the 12th pregnancy week to complete a questionnaire (n = 8266) and to donate a blood sample (n = 4389); vitamin B-12 and folate concentrations were determined in serum. Infant crying behavior was measured through a postpartum questionnaire (± 3 months; n = 5218).SubjectsPregnant women living in Amsterdam and their newborn child.Outcome measuresExcessive infant crying, defined as crying ≥ 3 h/day on average in the past week.ResultsMultiple logistic regression analysis was performed for 2921 (vitamin B-12) and 2622 (folate) women.Vitamin B-12 concentration (categorized into quintiles) was associated with excessive infant crying after adjustment for maternal age, parity, ethnicity, education, maternal smoking and psychological problems (OR[95%CI]: Q1 = 3.31[1.48-7.41]; Q2 = 2.50[1.08-5.77]; Q3 = 2.59[1.12-6.00]; Q4 = 2.77[1.20-6.40]; Q5 = reference). Stratified analysis suggested a stronger association among women with high levels of psychological problems during pregnancy. Folate concentration was not associated with excessive infant crying.ConclusionsFirst evidence is provided for an early nutritional origin in excessive infant crying. A low maternal vitamin B-12 status during pregnancy could, in theory, affect infant crying behavior through two potential mechanisms: the methionine-homocysteine metabolism and/or the maturation of the sleep-wake rhythm. |
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Keywords: | Vitamin B-12 Folate Infant crying Psychological problems Pregnancy ABCD study |
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