对设置专科护士的调查与思考

目的调查医护人员对设置专科护士有关问题的看法，对专科护理人才的培养提出建议与设想。方法采用自行设计的调查问卷，分层抽取8所医院的242名护士和79名医生作为调查对象。结果（1）护士最初学历、目前学历、目标学历分布呈向高学历递增的态势；（2）护士认为合适的群体学历比例为硕士5．25％、本科15．38％、大专45．82％、大专以下33．55％；（3）医生、护士对设置专科护士的认同性高，一致认为需要设置专科护士的科室为ICU、急救科、CCU、手术室和产科。结论（1）培养和设置专科护士适应时代发展步伐，但尚需在护士整体学历上有进一步提升；（2）建议在ICU、急救科、CCU、手术室和产科重点培养和率先设置专科护士；（3）应立足于本地区的专科资源，整合其优势资源，形成专科护理教育的培训基地。

A Survey and Consideration on the Need of Specialist Nurses in Hospitals

Objective To investigate the general ideas of the medical staff concerning the introduc- tion of specialist nurses in hospitals and propose concepts in training of the specialist nurses. Methods With a self-designed questionnaire,242 nurses and 79 physicians were interviewed, who were selected from 8 hospitals using a stratified sampling design.Results The distribution of nurse's education level,in terms of their highest education when entering the profession,current education and the desired or target education,showed a general pattern of improvement.The staff agreed to an appropriate composition of the specialist nurse team,which should include 5.25% master's degree holders,15.38% bachelor's degree holder,45.82 % nurses graduating from a 3- year college education program,and 33.55 % with lower education.Almost all the medical staff a- greed on the necessity of specialist nurses,especially in the intensive care unit,emergency depart- ment,cardiac care unit,operation room and department of obstetrics.Conclusion Introduction of specialist nurses into major hospitals is of great importance,but the overall education of the nurses awaits further improvement.The specialist nurse can be introduced,as the first step,into the in- tensive care unit,emergency department,cardiac care unit,operation room and department of ob- stetrics.Integration of the available resources of specialized medical departments may fundamen- tally reinforce the current education of specialist nurses.