神经节苷脂对大鼠脊髓损伤后神经元的保护作用

目的 通过观察单唾液酸四己糖神经节苷脂( monosialotetrahexosyl gangliosides，GM-1)对大鼠脊髓损伤后微管相关蛋白-2（microtubule - associated protein 2，MAP -2）和胆碱乙酰转移酶( choline acetyhransterase，ChAT)的表达及运动功能的影响，探讨GM -1对大鼠脊髓损伤后神经元的保护作用及其机制。方法 Wistar雌性大鼠66只（体重260～ 300 g），随机取6只作为正常对照组，余60只采用改良Allen打击法于Tt0节段制作大鼠急性脊髓损伤模型，并按随机数字表法分为GM -1组（A组）和等渗盐水对照组（B组），每组30只大鼠。分别于术后1，3，7，14和28 d采用改良Tarlov评分法评价大鼠脊髓损伤后后肢运动功能恢复程度后处死取材，每组各时相点6只大鼠。以免疫荧光染色观察大鼠脊髓损伤后MAP -2和ChAT的表达情况。结果 术后7d起，Tarlov评分在A、B组间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)，即A组大鼠运动功能恢复优于B组。免疫荧光染色发现，A组术后各时相点MAP -2及ChAT呈阳性表达的细胞数量较B组同时相点明显增多（P＜0.05）。结论 脊髓损伤后大鼠神经功能的恢复与MAP -2及ChAT的表达呈一定的相关性；GM -1可通过增强脊髓损伤后MAP -2及ChAT的表达来保护神经元。

Protective effect of gangliosides on neurons after spinal cord injury in rats

Objective To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of monosialotetrahexosyl gangliosides ( GM-1 ) on neurons after spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats by observing the effect of GM1 on the expression and motor function of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2) and Choline acetyltransterase (ChAT). Methods Sixty-six adult female Wistar rats (weighing 260-300 g) were enrolled in the study and six were selected randomly as the normal control group. The rest were divided into GM1 group (group A, n =30) and normal saline control group (group B, n =30) after acute contusion injury was made at T10 level according to the improved Allen's method. At days 1,3, 7, 14 and 28 after operation, the neurological function of the low extremities was assessed with the improved Tarlov scale. Then,the rats were sacrificed to obtain the spinal cord tissues. There were six rats in each group at different time points. The expressions of MAP-2 and ChAT were detected with immunohistochemistry after SCI in rats. Results The improved Tarlov scale in the Group A was higher than that in the Group B after SCI since the 7th day after operation, with statistical difference at day 7, 14 and 28 after operation ( P ＜0. 05). The expressions of MAP-2 and ChAT in the Group A were higher than that in the Group B after SCI ( P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusions The neurological function recovery of the low extremities has some correlations with the expressions of MAP-2 and ChAT after SCI in the rats. GM-1 can protect the neurons by promoting the expressions of MAP-2 and ChAT after SCI.