中、重型颅脑创伤并发创伤性脑梗死的多因素分析

目的 探讨颅脑创伤后动、静脉性脑梗死的相关风险因素,为防治颅脑创伤后脑梗死提供理论依据.方法 采用回顾性研究方法,调查154例行急性硬膜下和(或)脑内血肿清除加标准去骨瓣减压的中、重型颅脑创伤患者的临床资料,对性别、年龄、入院GCS评分、瞳孔变化、环池状态、中线移位、合并伤、围术期血压、大脑浅静脉损伤、血小板计数、血浆D-二聚体含量、脱水剂使用情况及围术期出入量13个相关指标进行单因素分析,对有意义的指标再行Logistic多因素回归分析.结果 单因素分析显示:瞳孔变化、GCS评分、年龄、合并伤、围术期血压、环池状态、中线移位等7个指标与动脉性脑梗死的发生相关(P＜0.05)；大脑浅静脉损伤、血浆D-二聚体含量和合并伤等三个指标与静脉性脑梗死的发生相关(P＜0.05).Logistic多因素回归分析显示:瞳孔散大和围术期低血压可能为动脉性脑梗死的独立危险因素(P＜0.05)；大脑浅静脉损伤可能为静脉性脑梗死的独立危险因素(P＜0.05).结论 瞳孔变化、GCS评分、年龄、合并伤、围术期血压、环池状态、中线移位是颅脑创伤继发动脉性脑梗死的危险因素,其中瞳孔散大和围术期低血压是独立危险因素；大脑浅静脉损伤、D-二聚体含量及合并伤是颅脑创伤继发静脉性脑梗死的危险因素,其中大脑浅静脉损伤是独立危险因素.

Risk factors of traumatic arterial and venous cerebral infarction in patients with moderate or severe craniocerebral trauma

Objective To provide theoretic support for preventing traumatic arterial and venous cerebral infarction after craniocerebral trauma by probing into the related risk factors.Methods The clinical data of 154 pateints with moderate or severe craniocerebral trauma treated by decompressive craniectomy were studied retrospectively.Univariate analysis was carried out on 13 related factors including gender,age,Glasgow Coma Score(GCS)on admission,pupil status,morphological changes of ambient cisterns,brain midline,associated injury,blood pressure,traumatic superficial cerebral veins injury,platelet count,plasma D-dimer value,dosage of dehydrating agent and perioperative fluid balance.Then,the logistic multiple regression analysis was made on significant indexes with SPSS 10.0.Results Univariate analysis showed that seven factors including pupil status,GCS on admission,age,associated injury,perioperative blood pressure,morphological changes of ambient cisterns and brain midline were significantly correlated with traumatic arterial cerebral infarction(P ＜ 0.05)and that three factors including traumatic superficial cerebral veins injury,plasma D-dimer value and associated injury were significantly correlated with traumatic venous cerebral infarction(P ＜ 0.05).Logistic multi-factors regression analysis showed that mydriasis and hypotension might be the independent risk factor of traumatic arterial cerebral infarction and that traumatic superficial cerebral veins injury might be the independent risk factors of traumatic venous cerebral infarction.Conclusion The pupil status,GCS on admission,age,associated injury,perioperative blood pressure,morphological changes of ambient cisterns and brain midline are the risk factors of traumatic arterial cerebral infarction,with mydriasis and hypotension as independent risk factors.Traumatic superficial cerebral veins injury,plasma D-dimer value and associated injury are the risk factors of raumatic venous cerebral infarction,with traumatic superficial cerebral veins injury as independent risk factor.