变应性鼻炎患者4637例变应原特点分析

目的 了解上海地区近5年来变应性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis,AR)患者的变应原分布状况,为AR的防治提供临床参考.方法 2005年6月至2010年5月间,针对有AR症状的患者行变应原皮肤点刺试验(skin prick test,SPT),分析各种变应原的致敏阳性率,以及致敏患者在年龄、性别、检测时间等方面的差异.结果 全部4637例患者中SPT阳性率为62.84％,屋尘螨、粉尘螨为主要变应原;不同季节变应原阳性率差异有统计学意义(x2 =93.581,P＜0.01),其中秋季最高,春季最低;各月份变应原检出阳性率差异有统计学意义(x2 =112.001,P＜0.01),其中10月份阳性率最高;变应原阳性率与年龄呈负相关(r=-0.792,P＜0.01),屋尘螨和粉尘螨的反应强度均随着年龄增大而减弱(x2 =122.513,P＜0.01;x2=138.475,P＜0.01).结论 尘螨为近5年来上海地区AR患者的主要变应原,年龄较小者变应原阳性率及阳性反应强度均较高.尘螨阳性率在季节分布方面存在差异.

Analysis of allergens characteristic in 4637 patients with allergic rhinitis

Objective To determine the distribution of allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis during the past 5 years in Shanghai area,and provide clinical reference for management strategies with regional character.Methods Patients with symptoms of allergic rhinitis were given skin prick test (SPT)from June 2005 to May 2010.Among the patients,the distribution of all allergens was analyzed.The positive rate was compared with age,gender,season,and so on.Results Among 4637 individuals,the total positive rate of SPT was 62.84％.Dust mites were identified as the mostly responsible allergens.There was significant difference of variation with seasons (x2 =93.581,P ＜0.01 ),the highest rate was found in autumn and the lowest was found in spring.There was significant difference of the positive rate in different months (x2=112.001,P ＜0.01 ),the most in October.There was a negative correlation between the positive rate and age (r =-0.792,P ＜0.01 ).The response intensity to dust mite allergy was decreased with age increased ( P＜0.01 ).Conclusions Dust mites were identified as the most common allergens among patients with allergic rhinitis during the past 5 years in Shanghai area.The younger group had the tendency of higher positive rate and response intensity than the elder.The positive rates of dust mites varied with different seasons.