重庆城乡0～19岁人群交通伤害特点与危险因素比较分析

目的 比较重庆地区城乡之间0～19岁人群交通伤害特点及危险因素，并探讨防治策略。方法 从道路交通事故与交通伤数据库中调取重庆市城区、城乡结合部和郊县各1个行政区2000 - 2006年交警登记的0～19岁人群交通伤害数据资料，分析青少年交通伤害流行病学特征，比较造成城乡青少年交通事故与交通伤的特点与差异。结果 2000 - 2006年，城乡结合部青少年交通伤发生率和死亡率最高，分别为95.43/10万、3.44/10万；郊县的交通伤害发生率最低，但是危害程度却最高，伤亡人数中死亡和重伤比例分别达9.06％、17.33％。头部损伤是最主要的致死原因。伤亡青少年中62.70％为行人，承担同等责任以上的青少年占20.72％，主要为不遵守交通信号、突然横穿公路和不走人行道。不论城乡，90％以上的交通事故发生于缺少交通信号／交警管制的路段。结论 青少年交通事故形势严峻，应加强对青少年的交通安全意识和行为教育，加强城乡结合部和郊县青少年交通伤的预防，加强郊县交通伤急救系统的建设，为青少年提供安全的道路交通环境。

Characteristics and risk factors of traffic injuries of adolescents (0-19 years old) in the urban and rural areas of Chongqing

Objective To study the characteristics and risk factors of traffic injuries among the adolescents (0-19 years old) in the urban and rural areas of Chongqing and discuss the preventive strategy. Methods Data of road traffic crashes and injuries involving 0-19 years old adolescents over a seven-year period (2000-2006) in three districts of Chongqing was picked up from Road _Traffic Crashes and Injuries Database. Epidemiological characteristics of the traffic crashes and injuries among 0-19 years old adolescents were analyzed and differences between rural and urban areas were studied. Results From 2000 to 2006, both incidence rate and mortality rate peaked in the urban fringe area were 95.43/100 000 and 3.44/100 000 respectively. Traffic accidents in the suburbs and counties had the highest injury extent, with mortality rate of 9.06％ and severe injury rate of 17.33％. Brain injuries were the primary cause of death. Among the victims, 62.7％ were the pedestrians, of which 20.72％ bore equal responsibility because of disobeying traffic signals, suddenly walking across roads and not walking along the sidewalk. Ninety percentage of the traffic accidents occurred in the sections with no traffic signals or traffic control system. Conclusion It is important to enhance the traffic safety consciousness of teenagers and children, strengthen preventive measures in fringe areas and rural areas and improve the emergency medical system in rural areas to provide the teenagers and children with a safety traffic environment.