中国0～17岁听力残疾儿童抽样调查分析

目的了解我国0～17岁聋儿现状,为聋儿听力残疾的防治及康复对策提供依据。方法采用统计描述和统计推理等方法对第二次全国残疾人抽样调查数据进行分析。结果0～17岁儿童听力残疾的现患率为1.80‰。听力残疾儿童接受义务教育率城市高于农村（χ^2=4.008,P〈0.05）。单纯听力残疾儿童的患病率农村高于城市（χ^2=24.250,P〈0.05）。0～17岁这一年龄段儿童听力残疾的主要病因构成为原因不明（29.42%）、遗传（17.32%）、中耳炎（14.19%）和药物中毒（13.23%）。52%的聋儿未曾接受任何康复服务。最主要的康复需求是医疗服务与救助和辅助器具。结论儿童听力残疾的防治和康复应强化政府主导、统筹规划;建立完善的社会保障体系和残疾人保障制度;加大科研投入,加强专业队伍建设;健全听力残疾预防和听力残疾康复服务网络;普及爱耳护耳知识,提高全民听力健康意识。

A survey of the prevalence of hearing loss in children from birth to 17 years old in China

Objective To understand the present status of hearing loss in children from birth to 17 years old in China as an ongoing strategic development of the prevention and rehabilitation of hearing impairment. Methods A stratified, multistage, cluster sampling was applied in this study. Results The prevalence of hearing impairment in children aged 0-17 is 1.80‰. Children in cities are more likely to receive compulsory education than those in rural areas（χ^2=4.008, P〈0.05）. Children in rural areas have a higher prevalence rate than those in cities（χ^2=24.250,P〈0.05）.Based on the analysis of the data in this study, the etiology of the hearing impairment is largely unknown （29.42%）, while heredity （17.32%）, tympanitis （14.19%） and ototoxicity （13.23%） are main factors. 52% of the children have never received any rehabilitation services. Their immediate needs are medical services and hearing devices. Conclusion In order to promote the prevention and rehabilitation of hearing impairment in children, the government is supposed to enhance management, make overall plans, build a sound social security system; furthermore, to increase the investment in scientific research, strengthen the building of professional team and spread the knowledge about ear care among the general public.