驻海拔2847m军人膳食结构与营养状况调查

目的调查驻海拔2847 m地区某部队的营养素供给情况及干部体检指标的变化,为指导高海拔部队干部的合理膳食提供科学依据。方法按照GJB 1636-93《军人膳食营养调查方法》,采取称量法对该部队62名干部的膳食结构和营养水平进行调查,并对其2009-2011年3年期间的体检指标进行评价。结果受检干部每日人均摄入总能量为17.79 MJ,其中每日人均摄入蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物的能量分别为2.44、4.13、11.22 MJ。三大产热营养素分别占13.7%,23.2%,63.1%;豆制品、蔬菜、牛奶、蔗糖、动物脏腑、鱼虾类、水果、钙、维生素A、B1、B2摄入量不足;禽蛋及植物油摄入量高于军标。不同年龄组红细胞计数、总蛋白、白蛋白、直接胆红素和甘油三酯水平差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论该部干部膳食结构不尽合理,建议增加蔬菜和水果的供给,改进烹调方法,做到食物品种多样化、合理调配膳食、均衡饮食,从而增强干部体质,提高部队的战斗力。

INVESTIGATION ON DIETARY PATTERN AND NUTRITIONAL CONDITION OF MILITARY CADRE STATONED AT 2847m ALTITUDE

Objective To study the condition of nutrient supply,and the change of physical examination parameters in military cadres stationed at 2847m altitude,so as to provide the scientific basis for guiding a reasonable diet for them.Methods The dietary survey on 62 cadres was made for 7 days according to the GJB 1636-93.And the parameters of physical examination from 2009 to 2011 year were also analyzed.Results The daily intake of total energy per capita was 17.79 MJ,including 2.44 MJ（13.7%）for protein,4.13 MJ（23.2%）for fat,and 11.22 MJ（63.1.%）for carbohydrate.The intake of eggs and vegetable oil was over the military norm.The intake of bean products,vegetables,milk,sucrose,animal organs,fish and shrimp,and fruits was not enough;the variety of food was somewhat less.The intake of calcium,VA,VB1,and VB2 was also insufficient.The number of RBC,and the blood level of total protein,albumin,direct bilirubin,as well as triglyceride were significantly different（P0.05） between different age groups（23~32 vs 33~42 age） Conclusion The dietary pattern of military cadres at altitude was not proper.It should be adjusted by increasing the supply of vegetables,fruits,and more varieties of food,as well as improving cooking methods,thus to enhance their physical fitness.