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A large scale (N=400) investigation of gray matter differences in schizophrenia using optimized voxel-based morphometry |
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| Authors: | Meda Shashwath A Giuliani Nicole R Calhoun Vince D Jagannathan Kanchana Schretlen David J Pulver Anne Cascella Nicola Keshavan Matcheri Kates Wendy Buchanan Robert Sharma Tonmoy Pearlson Godfrey D |
| Affiliation: | aOlin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living at Hartford Hospital, 200 Retreat Avenue, Hartford, CT 06106, United States bDepartment of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, United States cDepartment of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States dDepartment of Psychiatry, Wayne State University, University Health Center, Detroit, MI 48202, United States eDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States fMaryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland, P.O. Box 21247, Catonsville, MD 21228, United States gClinical Neuroscience Research Centre, 7 Twisleton Court, Priory Hill, Dartford, DA1 2EN, Kent, UK hThe MIND research network, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States |
| Abstract: | BACKGROUND: Many studies have employed voxel-based morphometry (VBM) of MRI images as an automated method of investigating cortical gray matter differences in schizophrenia. However, results from these studies vary widely, likely due to different methodological or statistical approaches. OBJECTIVE: To use VBM to investigate gray matter differences in schizophrenia in a sample significantly larger than any published to date, and to increase statistical power sufficiently to reveal differences missed in smaller analyses. METHODS: Magnetic resonance whole brain images were acquired from four geographic sites, all using the same model 1.5T scanner and software version, and combined to form a sample of 200 patients with both first episode and chronic schizophrenia and 200 healthy controls, matched for age, gender and scanner location. Gray matter concentration was assessed and compared using optimized VBM. RESULTS: Compared to healthy controls, schizophrenia patients showed significantly less gray matter concentration in multiple cortical and subcortical regions, some previously unreported. Overall, we found lower concentrations of gray matter in regions identified in prior studies, most of which reported only subsets of the affected areas. CONCLUSIONS: Gray matter differences in schizophrenia are most comprehensively elucidated using a large, diverse and representative sample. |
| Keywords: | Schizophrenia Structural MRI Multi-site Voxel based morphometry Gray matter |
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