Physical activity and brain structure,brain function,and cognition in children and youth: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Carleton University, Department of Psychology, Canada;2. Independent Researcher, Canada;3. Division of Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada;4. Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children''s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Canada;5. University of Ottawa, School of Psychology, Canada;6. Wilfred Laurier University, Department of Psychology, Canada;7. Michigan State University, College of Education, USA;8. University of Toronto, Canada;9. University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, Canada |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundPrevious reviews show a favourable relationship between physical activity (PA) and brain health in children and youth. The purpose of this systematic review was to extend the generalizability of previous findings using only studies that employed randomized controlled designs in a wider age range.MethodsAfter registration in PROSPERO, PRISMA guidelines were followed. Studies must have used a randomized controlled design; manipulated PA once (i.e., acute) or more (i.e., chronic) in apparently healthy children (1 month-17.99 years); and examined cognitive function, brain function, or brain structure as outcomes. Articles were reviewed for inclusion and data extraction were performed in duplicate.ResultsOverall, 84 studies from 83 papers with 12,600 unique participants were included (nrange = 10–1,224, Mrange = 0.77–17 years). Studies were mostly rated as low risk of bias. The majority of studies (n = 52) reported at least one favourable cognitive function outcome associated with a PA intervention. Few studies (n = 6) reported an unfavourable outcome. Examining the multiple cognitive function outcomes within each study, PA had mostly no effect (nacute = 29, nchronic = 47) or a mix of favourable and no effects (nacute = 20, nchronic = 27). For brain function, acute PA was associated with no change (n = 2) whereas chronic PA was associated with a mix of increases, decreases, or no change (n = 3). For brain structure, two overlapping studies found either favourable or no effects of chronic PA.DiscussionPA is unlikely to harm brain health in children and youth and may confer some benefits. More research is needed to examine the relationship between PA and brain structure and function. |
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| Keywords: | Brain health BDNF Executive function Exercise Achievement Physical education |
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